渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷渤南洼陷沙四下亚段红层有利储层成因机制

孟涛

doi:10.11781/sysydz202001019

渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷渤南洼陷沙四下亚段红层有利储层成因机制

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202001019

孟涛

中国石化胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 山东东营 257015

基金项目:

中国石化胜利油田分公司科技攻关项目"渤南洼陷缓坡带沉积-成藏再认识及勘探潜力评价" YKK1911

详细信息

作者简介:
孟涛(1979-), 男, 博士, 副研究员, 从事油气勘探及相关地质研究。E-mail: mengtao7988t@163.com

中图分类号: TE122.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-10
- 修回日期: 2019-12-20
- 刊出日期: 2020-01-28

Formation mechanism of favorable reservoirs in red beds in lower submember of fourth member of Shahejie Formation, Bonan Subsag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

MENG Tao

Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Shengli Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Dongying, Shandong 257015, China

摘要

摘要: 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷渤南洼陷沙四下亚段红层经历了较长时期的沉积和成岩改造作用，原生孔隙保留机制、次生孔隙演化规律不清，制约着勘探进展。运用岩心观察、铸体薄片鉴定及扫描电镜分析等技术手段，在储层特征分析基础上，开展了红层有利储层受控因素分析，总结了有利储层成因机制，预测了有利储层分布。该区沙四下亚段红层沉积存在冲积扇-辫状河-辫状河三角洲-湖泊和扇三角洲-湖泊2大沉积体系；砂岩类型以岩屑长石砂岩为主，储集空间由残留原生孔隙、次生溶蚀孔隙及裂缝构成，储层物性较差，属于特低孔特低渗储层。储层在机械压实作用以及碱、酸流体的交替影响下，储集空间经历了原生孔隙保留、次生孔隙形成及储层致密化3个阶段；埋深与有利相带决定原生孔隙保存程度，有机酸、上覆地层异常高压与断裂展布决定次生孔隙发育程度。原生孔隙发育的有利储层类型为3 000 m以浅的冲积扇扇端储集体，分布于南部盆缘，呈裙带状展布；次生孔隙发育的有利储层类型为沙四上亚段压力系数大于1.2且沙四下亚段断裂体系发育的辫状河和辫状河三角洲储集体，分布在洼陷带，呈带状、叠合连片状展布。
- 有利储层 /
- 成因机制 /
- 红层 /
- 沙四下亚段 /
- 渤南洼陷 /
- 济阳坳陷 /
- 渤海湾盆地
Abstract: The red beds in the lower submember of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation (Es₄) in the Bonan Subsag of the Jiyang Depression of the Bohai Bay Basin have undergone a long period of sedimentation and diagenesis. The mechanism of primary pore retention and the evolution constraints of secondary pores are not clear, which restricts exploration progress. The controlling factors of favorable reservoirs in the red beds were analyzed by means of core observation, casting thin section identification and scanning electron microscopy and combined with reservoir characteristics analysis. The formation mechanism of the favorable reservoirs was summarized, and their distribution was also predicted. There are two major sedimentary systems in the red bed sediments of the lower Es₄ submember of Bonan Subsag, including alluvial fan-braided river-braided river delta-lake and fan delta-lake. Sandstones are mainly lithic feldspars. Reservoir porosity is composed of residual primary pores, secondary dissolution pores and fractures. Reservoir physical properties are poor. The reservoir belongs to the category of ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability. Under the influence of mechanical compaction and the alternation of alkali and acid fluids, the reservoir porosity in the study area experienced three stages: primary pore retention, secondary pore formation and reservoir densification. Burial depth and favorable facies zones determine the preservation degree of primary pores, while organic acid, abnormally high pressure in overlying strata and fracture distribution determine the degree of secondary pore development. The favorable reservoirs with primary pore development are fan-terminal reservoirs of alluvial fan buried less than 3 000 m, which are distributed as belts on the southern basin margin. The favorable reservoirs with secondary pore development are braided river and braided river delta reservoirs with pressure coefficient greater than 1.2 in the upper submember of Es₄ and fault system develop in the lower submember of Es₄, which are distributed in sag zones and show strip-like and overlapping sheet distribution.
- favorable reservoir /
- formation mechanism /
- red bed /
- lower Es₄ submember /
- Bonan Subsag /
- Jiyang Depression /
- Bohai Bay Basin

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图 1 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷渤南洼陷区域位置

Figure 1. Regional location of Bonan Subsag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷渤南洼陷沙四下亚段沉积相与综合柱状图

Figure 2. Sedimentary facies and comprehensive column of lower Es₄ submember in Bonan Subsag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

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图 3 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷渤南洼陷沙四下亚段砂岩储层分类三角图

Figure 3. Classification triangle map of sandstone reservoir in lower Es₄ submember in Bonan Subsag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

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图 4 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷渤南洼陷沙四下亚段红层储集空间类型及成岩现象

a.原生孔隙发育，孔隙空间被黑色有机质充填，义193，2 941.41 m，单偏光；b.颗粒之间残留原生孔隙，孔隙被黑色有机质充填，罗10，2 438.21 m，单偏光；c.石英(Q)次生加大发育，加大边充填一部分粒间孔隙，残留粒间孔隙被黑色有机质充填，义193，2 941.49 m，单偏光；d.石英(Q)次生加大明显，残留粒间孔隙被黑色有机质充填，义193，2 942.61 m，单偏光；e.颗粒边缘存在绿泥石胶结，胶结物占据一部分孔隙空间，残留一部分粒间孔隙，孔隙被黑色有机质充填，义160井，3 080.65 m，单偏光；f.岩屑溶蚀形成粒内孔隙、红色方解石胶结物(Cc)溶蚀形成粒间孔隙、颗粒边缘存在粒缘缝，罗358，2 779.61 m，单偏光；g.红色方解石胶结物(Cc)溶蚀形成晶间孔隙、岩屑溶蚀形成粒内孔隙，新义深9，3 792 m，单偏光；h.长石(F)溶蚀形成粒间、粒内孔隙，罗斜153，3 856 m，单偏光；i.长石、岩屑溶蚀形成粒间孔隙，罗斜153，3 853.8 m，单偏光；j.破裂缝发育，新义深9，3 795.97 m，单偏光；k.红色方解石胶结物(Cc)充填粒间孔隙，义130，2 333.76 m，单偏光；l.红色方解石胶结物(Cc)充填粒间孔隙和粒内孔隙，新渤深1，3 753.87 m，单偏光；m.长石溶蚀后形成铸模孔，后被红色方解石胶结物(Cc)充填，残留部分粒间孔隙(蓝色铸体)，罗斜153，3 855.3 m，单偏光；n.长石溶蚀形成铸模孔，后被红色方解石胶结物(Cc)充填，岩屑溶蚀形成粒内孔隙，孔隙被黑色有机质充填，义292，4 639.24 m，单偏光；o.石英次生(Q)加大明显，加大部分占据孔隙空间，罗斜153，3 855.3 m，单偏光；p.长石、岩屑溶蚀后形成粒内孔隙，后被紫色铁方解石胶结物(Ank)充填，颗粒致密，呈凹凸接触，义292，4 639.24 m，单偏光

Figure 4. Pore types and diagenesis of red beds in lower Es₄ submember in Bonan Subsag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

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图 5 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷渤南洼陷沙四下亚段储层物性分布直方图

Figure 5. Histogram of reservoir physical property distribution in lower Es₄ submember in Bonan Subsag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

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图 6 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷渤南洼陷沙四下亚段储层物性与成岩作用特征

Figure 6. Longitudinal distribution characteristics of reservoir physical properties and diagenetic parameters in lower Es₄ submember in Bonan Subsag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

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图 7 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷渤南洼陷沙四下亚段红层成岩模式与孔隙演化关系

Figure 7. Diagenetic pattern and pore evolution of red beds in lower Es₄ submember in Bonan Subsag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

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图 8 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷渤南洼陷沙四下亚段有利储层分布

Figure 8. Distribution of favorable reservoirs in lower Es₄ submember in Bonan Subsag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

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表 1 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷渤南洼陷沙四下亚段不同沉积相类型物性数据

Table 1. Physical properties of different sedimentary facies in lower Es₄ submember in Bonan Subsag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

沉积相	孔隙度/%			渗透率/10^-3 μm²
沉积相	最小值	最大值	均值	最小值	最大值	均值
冲积扇	2.09	25.80	11.81	0.03	131.00	9.54
辫状河	0.05	18.73	8.16	0.05	169.26	7.21
辫状河三角洲	3.39	14.12	7.94	0.07	10.74	2.26
扇三角洲	0.43	9.10	3.55	0.01	1.07	0.18

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