Diagenetic facies of carbonate rocks in Yijianfang Formation, Shunbei area, Tarim Basin
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摘要: 通过钻井岩心描述、薄片鉴定及测井分析等手段，对塔里木盆地顺北地区奥陶系一间房组成岩相进行了综合分析，共划分出溶蚀相、白云石化相、裂缝相、胶结相和热液相，以及8类成岩亚相：大气淡水溶蚀亚相、埋藏溶蚀亚相、断裂溶蚀亚相、准同生云化亚相、埋藏云化亚相、海水胶结亚相、淡水胶结亚相和埋藏胶结亚相；5种复合成岩相：胶结-热液相、裂缝-溶蚀相、裂缝-胶结相、裂缝-热液相和云化-胶结-热液相。该区海侵体系域发育海底胶结成岩亚相；高位域时为构造热液相、胶结相等；台内滩沉积亚相多发育大气淡水溶蚀亚相、大气淡水胶结亚相及少量的构造-热液相；滩间海沉积亚相发育埋藏云化亚相、溶蚀相和胶结相；台内礁沉积亚相发育大气淡水溶蚀和大气淡水胶结亚相。在构造、沉积相和层序的控制下，利用单井、成岩相连井及均方根振幅属性，对成岩相演化进行了点线面识别，顺北地区有利成岩相的分布是从南西方向逐渐向北东方向过渡。Abstract: The diagenetic facies of the Ordovician Yijianfang Formation in the Shunbei area of the Tarim Basin was analyzed using drilling core description, thin section observation, as well as logging trace and seismic data analysis. There are five diagenetic facies types: dissolution, dolomitization, fracture, cementation and hydrothermal facies, which were further divided into eight subfacies: atmospheric freshwater dissolution, burial dissolution, fracture dissolution, penecontemporaneous dolomitization, burial dolomitization, subsea cementation, freshwater cementation, and burial cementation. Five composite diagenetic facies were identified: cementation-hydrothermal, fracture-dissolution, fracture-cementation, fracture-hydrothermal, and dolomitization-cementation-hydrothermal facies. The subsea cementation subfacies was developed in the low system tract, while the tectonic-hydrothermal and cementation subfacies were developed in the high system tract. In intraplatform beach sediments, atmospheric freshwater dissolution and atmospheric freshwater cementation subfacies, and a small amount of tectonic-hydrothermal subfacies developed. In interstitial marine sediments, there developed burial dolomitization, dissolution and cementation subfacies. In intraplatform reef sediments, atmospheric freshwater dissolution and atmospheric freshwater cementation subfacies occur. The diagenetic facies evolution was controlled by tectonics, sedimentary facies and sequence and constrained by point, single well profiles, diagenetic facies connected wells and root mean square amplitude attributes. The distribution of favorable diagenetic facies in the Shunbei area is gradually transitions from the southwest to the northeast.
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Key words:
- diagenetic facies /
- carbonate /
- Yijianfang Formation /
- Ordovician /
- Shunbei area /
- Tarim Basin
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图 1 塔里木盆地顺北地区位置与构造略图
Figure 1. Location and tectonic units of Shunbei area, Tarim Basin
图 2 塔里木盆地顺北地区一间房组典型成岩作用及成岩相特征
a.顺北2井，7 442.45 m，泥粒岩，局部泥晶重结晶，缝合线发育，伴有大气淡水溶蚀形成的粒间孔，生屑以腕足、棘屑为主；b.顺北2井，7 444.94 m，颗粒岩，埋藏溶蚀作用，溶蚀孔缝中充填沥青质，零星分布白云石晶体，见腕足；c.顺北1-3井，7 466 m，裂缝溶蚀亚相，后期沿着溶蚀缝发育白云岩化作用，为埋藏云化；d.顺北1-3井，7 354 m，鸟眼构造，且白云石散布在泥晶基质中；e.顺北2井，7 362.80 m，生屑泥晶灰岩，裂缝相，裂缝内部未被充填；f.顺北2井，7 446.37 m，砂屑颗粒灰岩，纤状、栉壳状方解石胶结；g.顺北1-3井，7 308 m，颗粒岩，大气淡水溶蚀孔洞，后期被方解石胶结；h.顺北1-3井，7 358 m，颗粒岩，埋藏胶结作用；i.顺北1-3井，7 352 m，热液破坏方解石胶结物，随后形成石英胶结物；j.顺北2井，7 522.65 m, 灰色砂屑灰岩，沿缝合线边缘发生强烈白云岩化，见到硅质结核；k.顺北2井，7 355.96 m，胶结热液相，黄铁矿呈现微米级别，少量亮晶方解石胶结；l.顺北1-3井，7 346 m，云化—胶结—热液相，形成石英胶结
Figure 2. Typical diagenesis and diagenetic facies characteristics of Yijianfang Formation, Shunbei area, Tarim Basin
图 3 塔里木盆地顺北地区顺北2井一间房组成岩相的测井响应
Figure 3. Logging responses of diagenetic facies of Yijianfang Formation, well Shunbei 2, Shunbei area, Tarim Basin
图 4 塔里木盆地顺北地区顺北1-3井一间房组成岩相综合柱状图
Figure 4. Diagenetic facies columns of Yijianfang Formation, well Shunbei 1-3, Shunbei area, Tarim Basin
图 5 塔里木盆地顺北地区顺北1-3井一间房组层序控制下的成岩作用特征
a.7 360 m，砂屑颗粒灰岩，溶蚀缝孔洞，及沿裂缝的溶蚀；b.7 358 m，颗粒灰岩，淡水溶蚀缝；c.7 358 m，颗粒灰岩，溶蚀孔洞发育，两处保存完好的腕足类生物；d.7 354 m，藻粘结灰岩，白云石散布在泥晶基质中，交代泥晶质点；e.7 352 m，藻粘结灰岩，热液破坏方解石胶结物，并形成石英胶结；f.7 350 m，藻粘结颗粒灰岩，缝合线较发育，且多见于块状亮晶方解石不发育的部位，表明缝合线的形成晚于方解石
Figure 5. Diagenetic characteristics under sequence control in Yijianfang Formation, well Shunbei 1-3, Shunbei area, Tarim Basin
图 6 塔里木盆地顺北地区顺北2—顺北1—顺北1-3井成岩相连井剖面
Figure 6. Diagenetic facies section across wells Shunbei 2, Shunbei 1 and Shunbei 1-3, Shunbei area, Tarim Basin
图 7 塔里木盆地顺北地区一号断裂带一间房组均方根振幅属性(RMS)
研究区范围位置见图 1。
Figure 7. RMS attributes of Yijianfang Formation, No.1 fault belt, Shunbei area, Tarim Basni
图 8 塔里木盆地顺北地区一号断裂带三维工区内一间房组成岩相平面展布
Figure 8. Plane distribution of diagenetic facies of Yijianfang Formation in 3D seismic survey block of No. 1 fault belt, Shunbei area, Tarim Basin
表 1 塔里木盆地顺北地区一间房组沉积微相与成岩相对比
Table 1. Comparison between sedimentary microfacies and diagenetic facies of Yijianfang Formation, Shunbei area, Tarim Basin
沉积相 亚相 微相 岩相特征 成岩相 成岩亚相 开阔台地 台内滩 砾屑滩 泥晶球粒粉砂屑灰岩，粉砂屑灰岩 溶蚀相、云化相、构造—热液相 大气淡水溶蚀亚相、埋藏溶蚀亚相、准同生云化亚相 砂屑滩 鲕粒滩 藻屑滩 滩间海 灰坪 含生屑亮晶砂屑灰岩，含生屑粉屑灰岩，含粉屑砂屑灰岩，藻屑灰岩 胶结相、溶蚀相、云化相 混合水云化亚相、埋藏云化亚相、埋藏溶蚀亚相、大气淡水溶蚀亚相、大气淡水胶结亚相 云灰坪 台内滩 点礁 藻粘结灰岩，生物格架灰岩，含生粘结灰岩 溶蚀相、胶结相 大气淡水溶蚀亚相、大气淡水胶结亚相 
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