Petroleum accumulation system evaluation of carbonate oil and gas: a case study of Cambrian in Tarim Basin
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摘要: 以成藏体系理论为基础，参考前人区带评价参数标准，针对塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩层系，分别从烃源体、圈闭体、输导体和体系的有效保存性出发，建立了碳酸盐岩地质评价参数标准体系。该区纵向上以一套具有类似地质背景的圈闭体为核心，和其相关联的烃源体和输导体共同组成一个完整的成藏体系。在参数体系中，提出了输导体的3个评价参数：输导层类型、供烃方式和运移距离的评价标准。利用统计学方法，考虑运移距离和成藏几率的关系，指出油气运移距离评价参数分为小于10 km、10~50 km、50~100 km和大于100 km。针对塔里木盆地寒武系膏盐岩下碳酸盐岩地层，采用同时考虑油气聚集单元和盆地构造单元的双要素子体系划分方法，以及考虑地质参数的不确定性开展评价。塔北隆起东侧盖层覆盖区和塔中隆起北侧为1类地区；顺托果勒低隆区、塔西南地区、塔中隆起南侧、巴楚隆起北侧、塔北隆起西侧为2类地区。Abstract: An evaluation of carbonate oil and gas was carried out based on the petroleum accumulation system theory of a superimposed basin. Considering the evaluation parameters of previous achievements, the hydrocarbon resource, plays, pathway systems and the preservation of the petroleum system were analyzed for carbonate beds in the Tarim Basin. A new evaluation standard was prepared. In this standard, the plays which go through the same tectonic evolution process, and the hydrocarbon resource and pathway system, which provide hydrocarbon for the play, comprise one petroleum accumulation system. In the evaluation of pathways, three parameters, type of migration pathway, hydrocarbon supply mode, and migration distance are chosen. The statistics of migration distance and reservoir numbers showed that migration distance can be divided into four sections, < 10 km, 10-50 km, 50-100 km, > 100 km. Oil and gas accumulation units and basin structural units were both used to divide the oil and gas area, and the uncertainty of geological parameters was also taken into account. The evaluation of the carbonate oil and gas in the Tarim Basin was carried out. The east of the Tabei uplift and the north of the Tazhong uplift belong to class 1, while the Shuntuoguole low uplift, Southwest Depression, south of Tazhong uplift, north of Bachu uplift, west of Tabei uplift belong to class 2.
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图 2 油气运移距离与成藏几率统计关系
Figure 2. Relationship between migration distance and oil reservoir numbers
图 3 塔里木盆地古生界纵向成藏体系划分
Figure 3. Vertical division of Paleozoic petroleum accumulation system, Tarim Basin
图 5 塔里木盆地寒武系区带评价
Figure 5. Evaluation of a carbonate play in the Cambrian in Tarim Basin
表 1 海相油气区带评价参数体系与取值标准
Table 1. Evaluation parameters of marine beds and their data standard
区带要素 地质参数 分值 名称 权系数 1~0.75 0.75~0.5 0.5~0.25 0.25~0 烃源岩 TOC/% 0.4 >3.0 2.0~1.0 1.0~0.4 Ro/% 0.3 >2.0 2.0~1.0 1.0~0.5 < 0.5 生烃高峰时间 0.3 第三纪 白垩纪 三叠纪 古生代 生烃强度/(108 t·km-2) 0.1 >1 000 1 000~500 500~200 < 200 盖层 盖层岩性 0.2 膏盐岩、泥膏岩 厚层泥岩 泥岩 砂质泥岩 直接盖层厚度/m 0.1 >200 200~100 100~20 < 20 断裂破坏程度 0.1 无破坏 破坏轻微 破坏中等 破坏强烈 优势孔隙 0.1 < 50 100~50 350~100 >350 突破压力/MPa 0.2 < 150 150~100 100~50 >50 源盖匹配 0.3 好 中 差 不匹配 储层 孔隙度/% 0.3 >12 10~6 6~2 < 2 储集类型 0.15 风化壳岩型 礁滩孔隙型 孔隙—裂缝 裂缝型 裂缝发育程度 0.1 发育 较发育 一般 不发育 储层厚度/m 0.1 >100 100~70 70~20 < 20 储层岩性 0.1 白云岩、礁滩相灰岩 介壳灰岩、粒屑灰岩 粉晶灰岩 泥晶灰岩 沉积相 0.2 台地边缘 台地相 盆地相 古地貌特征 0.2 高 中 低 极低 圈闭 构造位置 0.2 古隆起 斜坡 枢纽 类型 0.3 构造不整合 构造 生物礁 构造—岩性 生储盖配置 0.5 自生自储 下生上储 上生下储 异地生储 
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表 2 基于成藏体系的评价参数体系与取值标准
Table 2. Evaluation parameters of marine beds and their data standard based on petroleum accumulation system
区带要素 地质参数 分值 名称 权系数 1~0.75 0.75~0.5 0.5~0.25 0.25~0 烃源体 TOC/% 0.4 >3.0 3.0~2.0 2.0~1.0 1.0~0.4 Ro/% 0.3 >2.0 2.0~1.0 1.0~0.5 < 0.5 生烃高峰时间 0.3 第三纪 白垩纪 三叠纪 古生代 生烃强度/(108 t·km-2) 0.01 >1 000 1 000~500 500~200 < 200 输导体 输导层 0.4 断裂+不整合 断裂 不整合 储层 供烃方式 0.3 汇聚流 平行流 发散流 单线流 运移距离/km 0.3 < 10 10~50 50~100 >100 圈闭体 类型 0.1 背斜 断背斜 地层 岩性 孔隙度/% 0.2 >12 10~6 6~2 < 2 渗透率/10-3 μm2 0.2 >600 600~100 100~10 < 10 裂缝发育程度 0.2 发育 较发育 一般 不发育 储层厚度/m 0.1 >100 100~70 70~20 < 20 储层岩性 0.1 白云岩、礁滩相灰岩 介壳灰岩、粒屑灰岩 粉晶灰岩 泥晶灰岩 沉积相 0.1 台地边缘 台地相 盆地相 有效保存与配置 构造位置 0.1 古隆起 斜坡 枢纽 盆内 盖层岩性 0.2 膏盐岩、泥膏岩 厚层泥岩 泥岩 砂质泥岩 直接盖层厚度/m 0.2 >200 200~100 100~20 < 20 断裂破坏程度 0.1 无破坏 破坏轻微 破坏中等 破坏强烈 突破压力/MPa 0.2 < 150 150~100 100~50 >50 源盖匹配 0.2 好 中 差 不匹配
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