Advance of basin modeling key techniques: hydrocarbon migration and accumulation simulation
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摘要: 在总结盆地模拟传统的研究内容的基础上，指出新的应用领域及面临的技术难题，重点论述3种油气运聚模拟技术的现状和进展。（1）流线模拟技术。从油藏数值模拟技术演化而来，该技术是一种快速模拟技术，适用于构造油气藏的模拟，但不能有效模拟岩性地层油气藏。通过建立简化的三维地质模型，实现对三维圈闭空间和储层物性的描述，解决了岩性地层油气藏的模拟难题，实现了流线模拟技术的跨跃。（2）侵入逾渗模拟技术。该技术已经比较实用，但在复杂地质条件下对断面、不整合面等输导体系的刻画还不够细化，无法对断面、不整合面单独赋参数。三维输导体系网格建模方法和基于输导体系网格系统的三维油气追踪技术，能够有效地透视油气运移路径，模拟油气聚集、油藏调整和次生油藏的生成过程，使该技术得到较大发展。（3）三维达西流模拟技术。该技术是一种理论上最先进的技术，但地质参数很难达到其数值模型的精度要求。因此，改进地质网格模型，精确刻画地质参数，是三维达西流模型发展的重要内容之一。建立顺层柱状PEBI（Perpendicular Bisection）网格三维地质模型，构建变网格条件下的渗流方程，引入矢量渗透率，能够较好地解决复杂地质条件下的渗流问题，使模拟技术得到改进。Abstract: This paper summarizes traditional basin modeling, points out new application fields and technical problems, and discusses the present situation and progress of three kinds of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation simulation techniques.(a) Flowpath modeling. Evolved from reservoir numerical simulation, this technology is rapid and is suitable for structural reservoirs; however, it cannot effectively simulate stratigraphic reservoirs.By establishing a simplified 3D geological model, the description of 3D trap space and reservoir physical properties is realized and the problem of stratigraphic reservoir simulation is solved, and the leap of streamlined simulation technology is realized.(b) Invasion percolation. It is now practical, but the description of fault, unconformity surface and other transport systems under complex geological conditions is not detailed enough to assign parameters to the fault or unconformity surface alone.The 3D mesh modeling method of transport systems and 3D path tracing technology based on a Mesh System can effectively analyze the oil-gas migration path, simulate the process of oil-gas accumulation, reservoir adjustment and secondary reservoir formation, and improve the technology greatly.(c) 3D Darcy flow. This is the most advanced technology in theory, but it is difficult to constrain the geological parameters with sufficient precision. Therefore, improving the geological grid model and accurately describing the geological parameters are important in the development of a 3D Darcy flow model. Establishing a 3D geological model of the bedding columnar PEBI (Perpendicular Bisection) grid, constructing the seepage equation under the condition of variable grid, and introducing vector permeability, can solve the seepage problem under complex geological conditions, and improve the simulation technology.
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图 1 塔里木盆地满加尔坳陷下古生界流线模拟
Figure 1. Streamline simulation of Lower Paleozoic in Manjiaer Depression, Tarim Basin
图 2 塔里木盆地西南部玉龙构造带寒武系油气聚集模拟结果
Figure 2. Simulation of oil and gas accumulation in Cambrian, Yulong tectonic belt, southwestern Tarim Basin
图 4 输导体系三维网格形成过程示意
据郭秋麟等[35]修改。
Figure 4. Three-dimensional mesh formation process for transportation systems
图 5 准噶尔盆地腹部含油饱和度分布与运移通道模拟结果
Figure 5. Simulation of oil saturation distribution and migration pathways in hinterland, Junggar Basin
图 6 准噶尔盆地腹部石油聚集区与运移通道透视图
Figure 6. Perspective of petroleum accumulation and migration pathways in hinterland, Junggar Basin
图 7 准噶尔盆地腹部原油含蜡量模拟结果
Figure 7. Simulation of wax content in crude oils in hinterland, Junggar Basin
图 8 准噶尔盆地腹部原油含蜡量模拟值与实测值对比
Figure 8. Simulated and measured values of crude oil wax content in hinterland, Junggar Basin
图 9 渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷东营组含油饱和度模拟结果
Figure 9. Simulation of oil saturation of Dongying Formation in Nanbao Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
图 10 渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷东营组石油资源丰度模拟结果
Figure 10. Modeling of petroleum resource abundance of Dongying Formation in Nanbao Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
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