Geological characteristics and optimization of favorable areas in the upper gas reservoir of Jiaoshiba block in the Fuling Shale Gas Field, Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 以四川盆地涪陵页岩气田焦石坝区块上部气层为研究对象，在对上部气层岩相、地化、孔隙、含气性等页岩品质特征研究的基础上，分别建立了上部气层含气性、可压性评价标准，指出焦石坝区块上部气层以Ⅱ类气层为主，⑧小层含气性最优。优选页岩烃源品质、含气性、构造变形强度、裂缝、埋深5大类8项指标，建立焦石坝上部气层开发选区评价体系，将焦石坝区块上部气层划分为4个区，其中焦页A井区最有利，评价井效果好，可作为焦石坝区块上部气层开发有利区。此外，研究揭示有机质丰度、孔隙度和保存条件是影响焦石坝区块上部气层页岩气富集的主要因素，埋深与地应力和天然裂缝发育程度是上部气层气井高产的主控因素。Abstract: The shale quality characteristics such as lithofacies, geochemistry, porosity and gas bearing properties, some evaluation standards of gas bearing properties and compressibility of the upper gas layer were studied for the upper gas reservoir of Jiaoshiba block in the Fuling Shale Gas Field. The upper gas layer in Jiaoshiba block is mainly of type Ⅱ, and the layer No. 8 has the best gas bearing properties. of five catogaries including shale hydrocarbon source quality, gas bearing capacity, structural deformation strength, fracture and buried depth were optimized, and an evaluation system for development selection of the upper gas reservoir in Jiaoshiba block was established. The upper gas reservoir in Jiaoshiba block was divided into four areas, among which the well block JY-A is the most favorable area, which can be considered to be a standard for gas reservoir development in the upper part of Jiaoshiba block. In addition, the study revealed that organic matter abundance, porosity and preservation conditions are the main factors affecting shale gas enrichment in the upper gas layer of Jiaoshiba block, while burial depth, crustal stress and the extent of natural fracture development are the main factors controlling gas well production in the upper gas reservoir.
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图 1 四川盆地涪陵气田焦石坝区块地理位置及焦页A井五峰组—龙马溪组页岩地层综合柱状图
Figure 1. Geographic location of Jiaoshiba block in Fuling Shale Gas Field, Sichuan Basin and composite columnar section of Wufeng-Longmaxi shale formations in well JY-A
图 2 四川盆地焦石坝区块五峰组—龙马溪组页岩岩相对比
Figure 2. Lithofacies contrast of Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in wells JY-A, JY-B and JY-C of Jiaoshiba block, Sichuan Basin
图 3 四川盆地焦石坝区块上部气层地质参数平面分布
Figure 3. Geological parameters of upper gas layer in Jiaoshiba block, Sichuan Basin
图 4 四川盆地焦石坝地区焦页B井上部气层页岩氩离子抛光照片
Figure 4. Argon ion polishing photos of shale in upper gas layer, well JY-B, Jiaoshiba block, Sichuan Basin
图 5 四川盆地焦页A井五峰组—龙马溪组上部气层综合评价
Figure 5. Comprehensive evaluation of upper gas layers in Wufeng-Longmaxi formations, well JY-A, Sichuan Basin
图 6 四川盆地焦石坝区块上部气层地质综合分区
Figure 6. Comprehensive geological division of upper gas layer in Jiaoshiba block, Sichuan Basin
图 7 四川盆地涪陵地区完钻井压裂段闭合压力与埋深相关关系
Figure 7. Correlation between formation pressure and burial depth of fractured section in Fuling area, Sichuan Basin
表 1 四川盆地焦石坝区块焦页A井上部气层龙马溪组有机碳含量纵向分段统计
Table 1. Longitudinal segmented statistics of organic carbon content in Longmaxi Formation in upper gas layer, well JY-A, Jiaoshiba block, Sichuan Basin
小层 埋深/m 厚度/m 有机碳含量/% ⑨ 2 264.3 ~2 283.8 19.5 0.50~1.57/1.10 ⑧ 2 283.8~ 2 300.8 17.0 1.14~2.41/2.02 ⑦ 2 300.8 ~2 313.3 12.5 0.84~2.02/1.60 ⑥ 2 313.3 ~2 322.7 9.4 0.56~1.63/1.57 注：表中数值的意义为：最小值~最大值/平均值。 
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表 2 四川盆地焦石坝区块焦页A井上部气层五峰组—龙马溪组89m含气页岩段矿物含量分段统计
Table 2. Segmented statistics of mineral content of gas-bearing shale section (89 m) in Wufeng-Longmaxi formations, upper gas layer, well JY-A, Jiaoshiba block, Sichuan Basin
% 小层 全岩X衍射数据 计算数据 黏土矿物 长英质 碳酸盐 黄铁矿 脆性矿物 脆性指数 ⑨ 52.01 41.56 3.28 3.16 44.84 46.30 ⑧ 41.35 42.37 12.28 3.99 54.65 56.93 ⑦ 38.48 46.77 10.04 4.71 56.81 59.62 ⑥ 35.96 48.78 11.54 3.72 60.32 62.65
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表 3 四川盆地焦石坝上部气层含气性评价指标体系
Table 3. Evaluation index system for gas-bearing properties of upper gas layers in Jiaoshiba block, Sichuan Basin
评价 含气性综合评价指标 原生品质 含气性 有机碳含量/% 孔隙度/% 含气饱和度/% 测井解释含气量/(m3·t-1) Ⅰ类 ≥4 ≥4 ≥60 ≥5 Ⅱ类 2~4 2~4 45~60 3.0~5.0 Ⅲ类 ≤2 ≤2 ≤45 ≤3.0
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表 4 四川盆地焦石坝区块上部气层分层开发评价指标体系
Table 4. Evaluation index system for stratified development of upper gas layer in Jiaoshiba block, Sichuan Basin
综合评价 原生品质 含气性 构造变形强度 裂缝 埋深/m 有机碳含量/% 孔隙度/% 含气饱和度/% 测井解释含气量/
(m3·t-1)发育程度 非均质性 Ⅰ类 ≥4 ≥4 ≥60 ≥ 5.0 0~0.25 弱 弱 ≤3 500 Ⅱ类 Ⅱ1类 2~4 2~4 45~60 3.0~5.0 0.25~0.5 弱 中—弱 ≤3 500 Ⅱ2类 中 中 3 500~4 000 Ⅲ类 Ⅲ1类 ≤2 ≤2 ≤45 ≤3.0 0.5~1.0 中 中—强 ≥4 000 Ⅲ2类 强 强 ≥4 000
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