Characteristics and controlling factors of heavy oil distribution in Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
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摘要: 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷原油类型多样，但以稠油为主，其油气储量和产量均占该坳陷总量的50%以上。研究辽河坳陷油藏稠变的成因机理，进而搞清稠油的分布规律，对后继勘探开发具有重要的意义。依据辽河油田多年稠油油藏勘探开发形成的系统认识，对稠油油藏的“边、浅、松、早、降、失、盖”等地质特征开展研究；并从构造格局、储层特征、油藏埋深、地下流体、封盖条件和氧化及生物降解作用等方面对稠油分布和稠变原因进行探讨，厘清辽河坳陷油藏稠变机理及主控因素。研究发现，构造格局是控制稠油分布的决定因素，储层、埋深、地下流体和盖层等地质条件是控制原油稠变的重要因素，生物降解和氧化作用是稠变的必要条件。辽河坳陷油气藏具有明显的环洼分布规律，围绕生油洼陷由内向外存在3个环带，内带以天然气、凝析油为主，埋深一般大于3 500 m；中带以稀油为主，局部富集天然气及稠油，埋深在1 700~3 500 m；外带以稠油为主，埋深一般小于1 700 m。Abstract: There are various types of crude oil in the Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, among which heavy oil accounts for more than 50% of the oil and gas reserves and production. Therefore, it is of great significance for future exploration and development to study the main controlling factors of oil densification in the Liaohe Depression and to understand the distribution pattern of heavy oil. Based on the systematic understanding of heavy oil reservoir exploration and development in Liaohe oilfield for decades of years, and by aiming at the geological characteristics of heavy oil reservoirs such as "edge, shallow, unconsolidated, early, falling, loss, capping", this paper discusses the distribution and densification reasons of heavy oil from six aspects, including structural pattern, reservoir characteristics, reservoir burial depth, underground fluid, capping conditions, oxidation and biodegradation. The densification mechanism and controlling factors of heavy oil reservoirs in the Liaohe Depression are basically clarified. Through the study of heavy oil densification factors, it is found that structural pattern is the main factor controlling heavy oil distribution, geological conditions such as reservoir, burial depth, underground fluid and cap rocks are important factors controlling heavy oil densification, while biodegradation and oxidation are the keys for heavy oil densification. Oil and gas reservoirs accumulate around sags in the Liaohe Depression. There are three rings around the oil-generating sags from the inside to the outside. The inner zone is dominated by natural gas and condensate gas, and the buried depth is generally more than 3 500 m. The middle zone is dominated by light oil, partially enriched with natural gas and heavy oil, with a buried depth of 1 700-3 500 m. The outer zone is dominated by heavy oil, and the buried depth is generally less than 1 700 m.
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图 1 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷原油(气)类型平面分布及稠油综合柱状图
Figure 1. Plane distribution of various grades of crude oil (gas) and composite histogram of heavy oil in Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
图 2 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷西部凹陷曙光一区各层系油藏分布
Figure 2. Distribution of oil reservoirs in Shu 1 area of western sag, Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
图 3 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷西部凹陷南部地区沉积相与油气分布
Figure 3. Sedimentary facies and oil-gas distribution in the southern part of the western sag, Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
图 4 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷地层水总矿化度(a)和原油比重(b)随深度变化及分带特征
Figure 4. Variation and zoning characteristics of total mineralization of formation water (a) and crude oil specific gravity (b) with depth in Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
图 5 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷承压水动力平面分布特征示意
Figure 5. Plane distribution of confined hydrodynamic forces in Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
图 6 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷西部凹陷油气平面分布
Figure 6. Plane distribution of oil and gas in the western sag, Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
图 7 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷过葵花6—燕南2井油藏剖面示意
Figure 7. Reservoir profile from well KH 6 to YN 2 in Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
表 1 渤海湾盆地辽河坳陷西部凹陷不同沉积类型稠油储层岩性与物性数据
Table 1. Lithology and physical properties of heavy oil reservoirs of different sedimentary types in the western sag, Liaohe Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
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