Paleo-karstification of the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs and the relationship with fractures in the Halahatang area of Tarim Basin
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摘要: 塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系为碳酸盐岩裂缝溶洞型储层,通过野外露头考察、岩心观察、薄片分析、扫描电镜-阴极发光谱分析、扫描电镜-X射线能谱分析等多种分析手段,综合分析了奥陶系储层的古岩溶作用类型及特征。通过野外露头类比,在西克尔露头识别出了粗粒垮塌杂乱角砾岩、细粒搬运杂乱角砾岩、高度扰动地层和未扰动地层等4种古洞穴相;通过岩心观察,在奥陶系不同层位均识别出了与古洞穴相关的杂乱角砾岩。奥陶系储层经历了准同生期岩溶、风化壳岩溶和埋藏岩溶3种不同的岩溶作用,形成的溶孔内部胶结物表现出不同的阴极发光谱特征。储层内部大量发育的裂缝对于埋藏岩溶作用具有重要影响,一方面可沟通缝合线系统,促进岩溶作用;另一方面直接沟通深部热液,导致岩溶作用的发生。Abstract: The Ordovician reservoirs in the Halahatang area of Tarim Basin are carbonate reservoirs and the storage space is karstic vugs and fractures. Types and characteristics of paleo-karstification in the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs were comprehensively analyzed by outcrop study, core observation, thin section analysis, SEM-CL spectrum and SEM-EDS analysis. Coarse-clast collapsed chaotic breccia facies, fine-clast transported chaotic breccia facies, highly disturbed strata facies and undisturbed strata facies were identified in the Xikeer outcrop by outcrop analog. Chaotic breccia related to paleo-caves was found in different formations of the Ordovician under core observation. The Ordovician reservoir experienced three types of paleo-karstification, including penecontemporaneous karstification, weathering karstification and buried karstification. Different karstic vugs demonstrated different SEM-CL spectrums. Widely developed fractures in the reservoir have a significant influence on burial karstification. On one hand, factures promoted karstification by connecting stylolite networks; on the other hand, fractures induced karstification by carrying deep hydrothermal fluids into the reservoir.
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Key words:
- karstification /
- carbonate reservoir /
- Ordovician /
- Halahatang area /
- Tarim Basin
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