烃源岩中不溶有机质：源于生物体的骨壁壳有机大分子

秦建中; 潘安阳; 申宝剑

doi:10.11781/sysydz202006946

烃源岩中不溶有机质：源于生物体的骨壁壳有机大分子

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202006946

秦建中^{1, 2, 3, 4,},
潘安阳^{1, 2, 3, 4},
申宝剑^{1, 2, 3, 4}

1.
页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室, 江苏无锡 214126
2.
国家能源页岩油研发中心, 江苏无锡 214126
3.
中国石化油气成藏重点实验室, 江苏无锡 214126
4.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126

基金项目:

国家科技重大专项 2017ZX05036-002

联合基金项目集成项目 U19B6003

国家自然科学基金项目 41690133

中国石化科技部项目 P19017-4

详细信息

作者简介:
秦建中(1957-), 男, 教授级高级工程师, 从事有机岩石学和油气地质综合研究。E-mail: qinjz.syky@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE122.1
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- 文章访问数: 491
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-22
- 修回日期: 2020-07-09
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-28

Insoluble organic matter in source rocks: derived from organic macromolecules in the skeleton, cell wall and shell of organisms

QIN Jianzhong^{1, 2, 3, 4
,},
PAN Anyang^{1, 2, 3, 4},
SHEN Baojian^{1, 2, 3, 4}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
2.
State Energy Center for Shale Oil Research and Development, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
3.
SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Mechanisms, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
4.
Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China

摘要

摘要: 结合超显微有机岩石学等技术的实验分析数据，从生物细胞分子构成及其稳定性的角度来探讨不同类型生物体骨壁壳有机碎屑与优质烃源岩中不溶有机质的关系。烃源岩中有机骨壁壳及其碎屑包括浮游藻类、疑源类、底栖藻类、真菌类和细菌类的细胞壁壳及其碎屑；浮游动物结缔组织的壳骨皮毛腱韧及其碎屑；水生植物及陆生高等植物的细胞壁和细胞骨架及其碎屑。对生物体起支持或保护作用的有机骨壁壳及其有机碎屑主要是由纤维素、几丁质、果胶、肽聚糖等无效碳水化合物和硬蛋白等非活性蛋白质构成，这些生物高分子化学结构稳定，不溶于有机溶剂和水，在优质烃源岩形成过程中以非脂类的不溶有机质形式保存下来，不具备生油能力，高成熟—过成熟早期可具有一定的生烃气能力，烃气转化率一般低于15%，约与Ⅲ型有机质或镜质组生烃能力相当。
- 生物骨壁壳 /
- 有机碎屑 /
- 不溶有机质 /
- 化学结构稳定性 /
- 生烃气能力
Abstract: Ultramicroscopic organic petrology analysis and other techniques were used to examine the relationships between organic detritus (from different types of biological skeleton, cell wall and shell) and insoluble organic matter in excellent source rocks from the point of view of molecular structure and stability of biological cells. Previous studies have shown that the organic skeleton, cell wall, shell and detritus in source rocks could be assigned to three main categories: (a) benthic algae, fungi, bacteria, pelagic algae and acritarchs; (b) shell, skin, hair and tendon as the connective tissue of zooplankton; (c) aquatic and vascular plants. The organic detritus playing the role of supporting or protecting the organisms were composed of inactive carbohydrate (e.g., cellulose, chitin, pectin, peptidoglycan) and inactive protein (e.g., scleroprotein). These biopolymers were chemically stable and insoluble in organic solvents and water. They were preserved in the form of insoluble organic matter (nonlipid) during the formation of excellent source rocks but without the ability to generate oil. They had hydrocarbon gas-generating capacity in the highly to early over-mature stage with a general conversion rate of hydrocarbon lower than 15%, which was equivalent to type Ⅲ kerogen or vitrinite.
- biological skeleton, cell wall and shell /
- organic detritus /
- insoluble organic matter /
- chemical stability /
- hydrocarbon gas-generating potential

HTML全文

图 1 浮游藻类和疑源类纤维质细胞壁及其碎屑扫描电镜照片

a.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组，绿藻类，Botryococcus braunii Krutzing^[51]；b.甲藻类，Spiniferites sp.^[52]；c.贵州遵义松林， $ \mathrm{{\rlap{-} C }} $₁n，硅藻；d.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组，蓝藻类，Sigmopollis verrucoides Ji sp. nov.^[51]；e.波罗的海盆地，O₃w，具瘤面的疑源类(光面球藻)；f.华蓥山，O₃w，疑源类(似鱼鳞藻片)

Figure 1. SEM photographs of fibrous cell wall and detritus from planktonic algae and acritarchs

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 优质烃源岩中底栖藻类、真菌类和细菌类丝壁壳碎屑扫描电镜照片

a.重庆南川，P₂l，底栖红藻，见纹孔；b.贵州遵义，$ \mathrm{{\rlap{-} C }} $₁n，富钡藻席，示网眼和丝；c.贵州遵义，$ \mathrm{{\rlap{-} C }} $₁n，底栖藻孢子和藻席；d.四川广元长江沟磨刀崖剖面，P₂d，黑色页岩，真菌菌丝体；e.QJ-6，硫细菌；f.胞外聚合物(EPS)

Figure 2. SEM photographs of biodetritus from benthic algae, fungi and bacteria in excellent source rocks

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图 3 动物类有机骨壳碎屑化石

Figure 3. Bone and shell detritus fossils of animals

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 水生高等植物纤维质细胞骨壁碎屑化石

Figure 4. Fibrous cell wall and bone detritus fossils of aquatic higher plants

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图 5 海沼相均质镜质体为主体的煤(Ⅲ型)常规热压模拟生排烃模式

Figure 5. Models of conventional thermocompression simulation experiment of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion on coal (type Ⅲ) dominated by marine and lacustrine homocollinite

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 高等植物形成的煤岩(镜质组为主体)常规热压模拟实验综合数据

Table 1. Conventional thermocompression simulation experiment data of coal (mainly vitrinite) formed by vascular plants

模拟温度/℃	VR_o/%	总油/(kg·tc^-1)	烃气/(kg·tc^-1)
原样	0.86	17.45
300	0.93	26.81	1.73
350	1.23	22.02	21.15
400	1.98	13.40	72.47
450	2.76	4.09	110.00
500	3.50	3.16	116.58
550	4.42	1.28	121.34

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表 2 不同生物骨壁壳有机碎屑地球化学特征

Table 2. Geochemical characteristics of organic detritus from different organisms (mainly skeleton, cell wall and shell)

地区	层位	分离样品及在干酪根中的占比/%	I_H/(mg·g^-1)	S₁+S₂/(mg·g^-1)	T_max/℃	VR_o/%	w(TOC)/%	H/C原子比
城口庙坝	S₁l	笔石壳屑(为主)	85	75.54	456	1.20	71.34
石柱漆辽	S₁l	笔石壳屑(为主)	1	1.11	602	3.20	69.78
山西浑源	C—P	均质镜质体(94.74)	144	99.74		0.49	65.89	0.80
山西浑源	C—P	惰质体(82.95)	78	54.31		0.49	65.99	0.64

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