Characteristics and environment indication of mud shale undergone low temperature metamorphism: a case study of Neoproterozoic Binggounan Formation, Hongliugou Ⅰ section, Altyn Tagh fault
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摘要: 阿尔金西北缘红柳沟Ⅰ号剖面的新元古界冰沟南组泥页岩发育于被动大陆边缘盆地，是一套与硅质岩互层、浅变质、厚近60 m、曾具有生烃能力的陆棚沉积。通过实测地层剖面、矿物学及地球化学研究，探讨了其构造属性、物源区、风化作用及沉积环境。研究表明：该泥页岩主要属于富硅黏土岩、富泥硅质页岩，次为泥—硅混合页岩；与澳大利亚后太古宙页岩（PAAS）相比，其Si、Mg、K、P、Sc、Y、Hf、Th、Sc等含量相似，Ti、Mn、Fe、Ta、δEun、δCen和ΣREE等值相对较高，Al、Ca、Na，Nb和Zr等值较低。冰沟南组泥页岩由再循环沉积碎屑、中基性及中酸性侵入岩作为第一沉积物的来源，与大陆上地壳硅铝质和一般页岩组成接近；物源区为温暖、湿润条件下中等化学风化条件；自下而上可划分出3个厌氧—缺氧为主、偶夹有氧化的沉积旋回；下部叠加了热流体改造。统计表明，40%左右黏土含量的泥页岩段富集主要微量元素（稀土）及有机质，是陆棚中的贫氧—缺氧、生产力较高、生烃潜力最好层段。Abstract: The Neoproterozoic Binggounan Formation mud shale in the Hongliugou Ⅰ section on the northwestern margin of the Altyn Tagh fault was deposited in a passive continental margin. They are shelf sediments about 60 m thick, interbedded with siliceous rocks, undergone a low temperature thermodynamic metamorphism, and had hydrocarbon generation potential. The tectonic background, provenance, weathering and sedimentary environment of the mud shale were discussed with regard to stratigraphic sections, mineralogy and geochemical analyses. The mud shale was mainly composed of silica-rich clay rock and mud-rich siliceous shale, followed by mud-silica mixed shale. They have simila-rities in Si, Mg, K, P, Sc, Y, Hf, Th Sc contents compared with the Post Archaean Australian shale (PAAS). The Ti, Mn, Fe, Ta contents and δEun, δCen, ΣREE values are higher, while the Al, Ca, Na, Nb and Zr contents are lower. The primitive sediment sources of the Binggounan mud shale were recycled sedimentary clasts, intermediate mafic and acid intrusive rocks, similar to a normal shale and arenites argillites and ensialic of continental upper crust in composition. The shale has undergone moderate chemical weathering in warm and humid conditions. The formation was divided into three sedimentary cycles from bottom to top, mainly anaerobic and anoxic, and occasionally oxidized. Hydrothermal alteration also occured in the lower section. The mud shale with a clay content of about 40% is rich in trace elements (REE) and organic matter, which was deposited in a suboxic to anoxic section on the shelf, showing a high productivity and hydrocarbon-generation potential.
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Key words:
- mud shale /
- mineral and petrology /
- geochemistry /
- Binggounan Formation /
- Neoproterozoic /
- Altyn Tagh fault
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图 1 研究区地质简图及红柳沟Ⅰ号剖面位置示意
据新疆若羌县巴什考供幅地质图(J-46-Ⅶ)(新疆区调队1982，陕西区调队2003)。
Figure 1. Tectonic setting and location of Hongliugou Ⅰ section, NW margin of Altyn Tagh fault
图 2 研究区综合地层柱状图
Figure 2. Simplified stratigraphic columns with lithostratigraphic formation of Hongliugou Ⅰ section, NW margin of Altyn Tagh fault
图 3 阿尔金西北缘红柳沟Ⅰ号剖面冰沟南组野外照片
资料来源同图 1。
a.剖面部分景观；b.中下部的绿色粉砂质泥岩；c.板岩；d.灰绿色板岩与硅质岩；e.片理化发育的黑色页岩(采样点HLG-67)；f.上部灰绿色板岩与片岩(原为灰绿色泥页岩与粉砂质泥岩)Figure 3. Field photographs of Neoproterozoic Binggounan Formation, Hongliugou Ⅰ section, NW margin of Altyn Tagh fault
图 4 阿尔金西北缘红柳沟Ⅰ号剖面新元古界冰沟南组泥页岩矿物分类[7]
Figure 4. Mineral classification of mud shale in Neoproterozoic Binggounan Formation, Hongliugou Ⅰ section, NW margin of Altyn Tagh fault
图 5 阿尔金西北缘红柳沟Ⅰ号剖面冰沟南组泥页岩中部分元素组成及环境指示参数
Figure 5. Mineral composition environment indicators of mud shale in Neoproterozoic Binggounan Formation, Hongliugou Ⅰ section, NW margin of Altyn Tagh fault
图 7 阿尔金西北缘红柳沟Ⅰ号剖面冰沟南组泥页岩部分微量元素及比值与主动大陆边缘盆地ACM(a)、被动大陆边缘盆地PCM(b)、大陆岛弧CIA(c)和大洋岛弧OIA(d)平均值对比[3, 8-9]
Figure 7. Trace element contents and ratios of mud shale in Neoproterozoic Binggounan Formation, Hongliugou Ⅰ section, NW margin of Altyn Tagh fault, compared with the average values of active continental margin (ACM) (a), passive continental margin (PCM) (b), continental island arc (CIA) (c) and ocean island arc (OIA) (d)
图 8 阿尔金西北缘红柳沟Ⅰ号剖面冰沟南组泥页岩Th-Sc (a)[24]、Th/ Sc-La/Sc (b)[25]及Th/ Sc-Zr/Sc (c)关系投点图[9]
黑实线表示源区分别为铁镁质-长英质成分母岩时，沉积物投点的趋势线；带箭头虚线表示经沉积、分选、再循环过程沉积物中碎屑锆石含量的变化趋势。
Figure 8. Th-Sc(a), Th/Sc-La/Sc(b) and Th/Sc-Zr/Sc(c) values of mud shale in Neoproterozoic Binggounan Formation, Hongliugou Ⅰ section, NW margin of Altyn Tagh fault
图 11 阿尔金西北缘红柳沟Ⅰ号剖面冰沟南组泥页岩CIA-A-CN-K关系投点图[29]
Figure 11. CIA-A-CN-K diagram of mud shale in Neopro- terozoic Binggounan Formation, Hongliugou Ⅰ section, NW margin of Altyn Tagh fault
图 13 阿尔金西北缘红柳沟Ⅰ号剖面冰沟南组泥页岩中黏土含量与主要参数的关系
Figure 13. Relationship among clay contents and major paremeters of mud shale in Neoproterozoic Binggounan Formation, Hongliugou Ⅰ section, NW margin of Altyn Tagh fault
表 1 阿尔金西北缘红柳沟Ⅰ号剖面新元古界冰沟南组泥页岩矿物组成
Table 1. Mineral compostion of mud shale in Neoproterozoic Binggounan Formation, Hongliugou Ⅰ section, NW margin of Altyn Tagh fault
% 样品号 野外定名 黏土 石英 钾长石 斜长石 方解石 白云石 菱铁矿 石盐 黄铁矿 石膏 硬石膏 钙芒硝 岩相 HLG-8 泥岩 33.4 41.8 1.0 2.0 0.8 6.9 12.3 - 0.2 0.2 1.4 - 泥－硅混合页岩 HLG-28 粉砂质泥岩 40.3 48.1 1.1 3.3 0.9 1.0 2.9 - 0.7 - 1.7 - 富泥硅质页岩 HLG-51 泥页岩 56.4 29.7 0.7 2.7 0.6 0.8 2.5 - 5.1 - 1.5 - 富硅黏土质页岩 HLG-53 泥板岩 66.1 26.2 1.9 2.0 - 0.8 1.9 - 0.1 - 1.0 富硅黏土质页岩 HLG-60 泥页岩 30.1 64.7 0.4 2.5 0.7 0.1 0.7 - 0.4 - 0.4 - 富泥硅质页岩 HLG-61 泥页岩 46.0 40.7 1.3 4.8 0.3 - 2.1 - 0.7 - 4.1 - 泥－硅混合页岩 HLG-63 粉砂质泥岩 58.6 28.0 3.5 3.9 0.1 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.6 - - 2.1 富硅黏土质页岩 HLG-64 泥页岩 40.3 54.0 0.6 1.7 0.6 0.4 1.3 - 0.1 - 1.0 - 富泥硅质页岩 HLG-65 粉砂质泥岩 57.2 36.3 1.8 1.0 - 1.2 1.7 - 0.6 0.2 - - 富硅黏土质页岩 HLG-66-1 泥页岩 37.6 54.5 0.7 1.1 3.2 0.9 0.7 - 0.6 - 0.7 - 富硅黏土质页岩 HLG-67 泥页岩 44.3 48.8 1.1 1.5 0.8 0.7 1.3 0.2 0.4 - 0.9 - 富泥硅质页岩 HLG-68 钙质粉砂岩 14.8 34.2 0.2 2.9 39.1 8.2 0.3 - - - 0.3 - 富陆屑碳酸盐岩 
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