Formation conditions of shale oil and favorable targets in the second member of Paleogene Funing Formation in Qintong Sag, Subei Basin
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摘要: 通过对苏北盆地溱潼凹陷古近系阜宁组二段泥页岩段生烃、储集条件及含油性分析，优选了页岩油勘探有利层段；综合岩性、压力、裂缝预测资料，评价出有利区带。溱潼凹陷阜二段有机碳含量大于1.0%的泥页岩厚度为160~260 m，广泛分布；镜质体反射率Ro为0.5%~1.1%，成熟范围广；有机质类型好，有机显微组分以藻类体为主，具备页岩油形成的物质基础。阜二段孔隙度平均为8.9%，储集空间主要为溶孔、黏土矿物和碳酸盐晶间孔，纹层状泥灰岩和粉砂质泥岩微裂缝较发育，裂缝控制了储层渗透性。阜二段③~⑤亚段脆性矿物含量为62%~65%，以石英、方解石和白云石为主，游离烃含量S1为0.1~2.7 mg/g，平均为0.54 mg/g，为页岩油勘探的最有利层段。溱潼凹陷阜二段页岩油整体评价为Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类，其中时堰和储家楼深凹带是寻找粉砂质泥岩和泥灰岩油藏最有利区，东斜坡是寻找凝灰岩夹层型页岩油藏有利区。Abstract: The favorable targets of shale oil exploration were optimized based on the analyses of hydrocarbon generation, reservoir conditions and oil content of the shale sections in the second member of Paleogene Funing Formation in the Qintong Sag, Subei Basin. Some favorable zones were predicted according to the properties of lithology, pressure and fractures. The mud shale with an organic carbon content (TOC) greater than 1.0% is widespread in the second member of Funing Formation with the thickness distributed between 160-260 m. The Ro values vary from 0.5% to 1.1%, indicating a wide maturity range. The organic matter type is good, and the organic microscopic maceral is dominated with algae, which provides a substantial potential for generation of shale oil. The average porosity of the second member of Funing Formation is 8.9%. Dissolved pores, clay minerals and carbonate intercrystalline pores act as main reservoir spaces. For the laminar marls and silty mudstones, micro-fractures were well developed, which controlled the permeability of the reservoir. From the third to the fifth section of the second member of Funing Formation, the content of brittle minerals distributed between 62%-65%, mainly composed with quartz, calcite and dolomite. The free hydrocarbon content (S1) showed a range of 0.1-2.7 mg/g, with an average value of 0.54 mg/g, referring the most favorable layers for shale oil exploration of the sections mentioned above. The shale oil in the second member of Funing Formation in the study area was mainly types Ⅱ and Ⅲ. It has also been indicated that the Shiyan and Chujialou deep depressions are the most favorable areas for silty mudstone and marl reservoirs, while the eastern slope is favorable for tuff mudstone shale reservoirs.
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Key words:
- shale oil /
- hydrocarbon generation condition /
- cracking /
- second member of Funing Formation /
- Paleogene /
- Qintong Sag /
- Subei Basin
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图 1 苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段构造单元分布和层序剖面
Figure 1. Structural units in second member of Funing Formation, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin and stratigraphic profile
图 2 苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段①—⑤亚段综合柱状图
Figure 2. Comprehensive histogram showing five sections in the second member of Funing Formation, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin
图 3 苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段典型泥页岩岩心照片
a.①亚段深灰色块状泥岩；b.②亚段深灰色灰质泥岩；c.③亚段灰黑色纹层状灰质泥岩；d.④~⑤亚段纹层状泥质灰岩
Figure 3. Cores of typical shale in the second member of Funing Formation, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin
图 4 苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段泥页岩主要储集空间微观特征
Figure 4. Microscopic characteristics of main reservoir spaces for shale in second member of Funing Formation, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin
图 5 苏北盆地溱潼凹陷泥页岩孔隙度随深度变化趋势
Figure 5. Distribution of shale porosity with depth, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin
图 6 苏北盆地溱潼凹陷Y201井阜二段泥灰岩孔隙直径分布
Figure 6. Distribution of pore diameters of marl in the second member of Funing Formation, well Yu201, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin
图 7 苏北盆地溱潼凹陷MS1井阜二段泥灰岩孔喉半径分布
Figure 7. Distribution of pore throat radius of marl in the second member of Funing Formation, well MS1, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin
图 8 苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段烃源岩(S1+S2)、S1与TOC交会图
Figure 8. Cross plots of residual oil S1+S2 and free oil(S1)and TOC in source rocks of the second member of Funing Formation, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin
图 9 苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段S1和OSI随深度变化趋势
Figure 9. Distribution of S1 and OSI with depth in the second member of Funing Formation, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin
图 10 苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段页岩油有利区
Figure 10. Favorable targets for shale oil exploration in the second member of Funing Formation, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin
表 1 苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段烃源岩生烃指标
Table 1. Hydrocarbon generation indexes of source rocks in the second member of Funing Formation, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin
层段 腐泥组/% ω(TOC)/% (S1+S2)/(mg·g-1) IH/(mg·g-1) ①亚段 (56.5~70.8)/61.6 (1.09~1.98)/1.45 (0.38~9.95)/3.85 (48~547)/287 ②亚段 (88.6~96.9)/93.4 (1.56~2.76)/2.17 (3.05~12.12)/8.26 (267~509)/437 ③亚段 (65.4~96.9)/85.5 (0.81~3.49)/2.25 (1.25~25.20)/13.98 (185~828)/587 ④亚段 (64.0~70.4)/67.2 (1.15~4.91)/2.09 (1.81~41.00)/12.10 (143~822)/488 ⑤亚段 (30.8~64.0)/47.5 (0.99~1.04)/1.01 (2.15~3.60)/2.65 (201~313)/259 注：表中数据意义为(最小值~最大值)/平均值。 
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表 2 苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段页岩油评价标准
Table 2. Evaluation criteria for shale oil in the second member of Funing Formation, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin
评价指标(权重系数) 页岩油区带分类 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ 烃源品质 ω(TOC)＞2.0%的累计厚度/m(0.05) ＞40 30~40 ＜30 成熟度Ro/%(0.1) ＞1.1 0.9~1.1 0.7~0.9 S1/(mg·g-1)(0.1) ＞2.0 2.0~0.5 ＜0.5 储层品质 岩相类型(0.1) 粉砂质泥岩、纹层状泥灰岩、凝灰质泥岩 纹层状灰质泥岩或泥灰岩/层状泥灰岩 块状泥岩/灰质泥岩 孔隙度/%(0.05) 8~12 5~8 ＜5 渗透率/10-3μm2(0.05) 0.1~1.0 0.01~0.1 ＜0.01 微裂缝、层理缝发育程度(0.1) 异常发育 发育 欠发育 压力系数(0.15) ＞1.2 1.2~1.0 ＜1.0 油藏品质 原油密度/(g·cm-3)(0.1) ＜0.82 0.82~0.87 0.87~0.92 工程条件 脆性矿物含量/%(0.1) ＞70 60~70 ＜60 埋深/m(0.1) ＜3 500 3 500~4 000 ＞4 000
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