Temperature-sensitivity of underground gas reservoir storage and its effect on well deliverability
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摘要: 气藏型储气库交替注采工况下的储层温度变化是影响渗透率乃至储气库注采能力的关键因素。为探究砂岩储层渗透率的温度敏感性规律及其对气井注采能力的影响，在储气库运行的温度范围内设计了多轮次交变温度下渗透率温度敏感性实验，模拟气藏型储气库储层温度的周期性变化。实验结果表明：(1)储层渗透率随温度升高而减小，随温度降低而增大，且多轮次交变温度下渗透率表现出滞后效应，随升降温轮次增加滞后效应逐渐减弱；(2)储层渗透率温度敏感性规律不同于应力敏感，渗透率与温度呈线性相关，且单轮升降温过程中滞后效应强弱不随温度改变；(3)基于实验结果建立了考虑渗透率温度敏感性的气井产能方程，研究发现忽略储层渗透率温度敏感性将低估气井注采能力，且储层埋藏越深、气井注采气量越大时，温度敏感性对注采能力的影响越大。Abstract: The temperature change under alternating injection-production conditions of underground gas reservoir storage is a key factor for permeability and even deliverability. To explore the temperature-sensitivity of sandstone reservoir permeability and its effect on the deliverability of gas well, experimental studies at multiple rounds were carried out within the realistic temperature range of underground gas storage to simulate more accurately. Results show that: (1) Reservoir permeability negatively correlates with temperature. Permeability exhibits a hysteresis effect under cyclic alternating temperature, and the hysteresis effect gradually weakens with the variation of temperature. (2) Permeability and temperature are linearly correlated, and the hysteresis effect does not change with temperature, which is different from stress-sensitivity. (3) Based on the experimental results, a deliverability equation modified with temperature-sensitivity was established. Calculation shows that, ignoring the temperature-sensitivity of permeability will underestimate the performance of gas well, and its effect will aggravate with the increasing elevation and injection flowrate.
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图 1 多轮次渗透率温度敏感性实验材料及设备
Figure 1. Materials and equipments for multiple rounds of permeability temperature-sensitivity experiments
图 2 多轮次渗透率温度敏感性实验第1轮升温和降温归一化渗透率
K为不同温度下渗透率，Ku0为升温开始前20 ℃下渗透率，Kd0为降温开始前120 ℃下渗透率
Figure 2. Normalized permeability for heating and cooling in the 1st round of permeability temperature-sensitivity experiments
图 3 岩样5-21-23-1多轮次渗透率温度敏感性实验
K0为初始渗透率
Figure 3. Multiple rounds of permeability temperature-sensitivity experiments with rock sample 5-21-23-1
图 4 室温下渗透率与升降温轮次关系
Ki为每轮升降温开始前20 ℃下渗透率
Figure 4. Relationship between permeability and temperature change rounds at room temperature
图 5 砂岩渗透率多轮次应力敏感性实验与多轮次温度敏感性实验数据对比
Figure 5. Comparison between multi-cycle stress-sensitivity and temperature-sensitivity of sandstone permeability
图 8 考虑渗透率温度敏感性的气井IPR曲线
Figure 8. IPR curves considering permeability temperature-sensitivity
表 1 多轮次渗透率温度敏感性实验岩样基本参数
Table 1. Basic parameters of rock samples for multiple rounds of permeability temperature-sensitivity experiments
序号 岩样编号 长度/cm 直径/cm 孔隙度/% 渗透率/10-3 μm2 实验围压/MPa 1 5-2-23-4 5.06 2.49 20.25 29.95 5 2 5-21-23-1 5.11 2.51 20.72 80.03 5 3 5-21-23-2 5.09 2.49 22.10 73.35 40 4 6-5-19-10 5.17 2.50 12.86 0.21 5 5 6-5-19-13 5.03 2.51 12.37 0.32 40 
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表 2 不同升降温轮次渗透率随温度变化的函数关系
Table 2. Function relation between permeability and temperature in different cycles
升温轮次 函数关系式 相关系数R2 降温轮次 函数关系式 相关系数R2 第1轮 K/K0= -0.003 4T+1.072 0.997 1 第1轮 K/K0= -0.002 5T+0.991 0.958 5 第2轮 K/K0= -0.001 9T+0.977 0.966 8 第2轮 K/K0= -0.001 9T+0.969 0.964 3 第3轮 K/K0= -0.001 8T+0.961 0.970 5 第3轮 K/K0= -0.001 5T+0.929 0.979 4
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表 3 不同注气量和不同深度下的井底与储层温差
Table 3. Temperature difference between bottom hole and reservoir at different flow rates and depths
日注气量/104 m3 不同深度下井底与储层温差/℃ 2 000 m 3 000 m 4 000 m 5 000 m 25 8.02 10.25 10.92 10.98 50 13.47 19.21 21.88 22.57 75 16.03 25.09 30.65 33.03 100 16.81 28.99 37.13 41.49 150 17.44 33.45 45.12 52.95 200 17.61 35.17 48.93 59.21
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表 4 考虑渗透率温度敏感性的气井注采能力对比
Table 4. Comparison of gas well deliverability considering permeability temperature-sensitivity
温差/℃ 2 000 m 3 000 m 4 000 m 5 000 m 无阻流量/(104 m3·d-1) 偏差/% 无阻流量/(104 m3·d-1) 偏差/% 无阻流量/(104 m3·d-1) 偏差/% 无阻流量/(104 m3·d-1) 偏差/% 0 165.6 0 318.4 0 486.2 0 658.5 0 10 171.4 3.5 329.1 3.4 502.2 3.3 680.1 3.3 20 177.4 7.1 340.1 6.8 518.6 6.7 702.1 6.6 30 351.3 10.4 535.2 10.1 724.3 10.0 40 552.1 13.6 746.9 13.4 50 770.0 16.9
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