珠江口盆地深水区和浅水区古近系文昌组烃源岩地球化学特征对比

袁丽平; 蒋文敏; 李芸; 张琳; 王建丰; 王伟; 熊永强

doi:10.11781/sysydz202205866

珠江口盆地深水区和浅水区古近系文昌组烃源岩地球化学特征对比

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202205866

袁丽平^{1, 2, 3,},
蒋文敏^{1, 2, ,},
李芸^{1, 2},
张琳^{1, 2, 3},
王建丰^{1, 2, 3},
王伟^{1, 2, 3},
熊永强^{1, 2}

1.
中国科学院广州地球化学研究所有机地球化学国家重点实验室, 广州 510640
2.
中国科学院深地科学卓越创新中心, 广州 510640
3.
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

基金项目:

广东省杰出青年基金 2018B030306006

广东省自然科学基金面上项目 2019A1515011913

详细信息

作者简介:
袁丽平(1994-), 博士研究生, 从事油气地球化学研究。E-mail: yuanliping17@mails.ucas.edu.cn

通讯作者:
蒋文敏(1990-), 男, 博士, 副研究员, 从事油气地球化学研究。E-mail: jiangwm@gig.ac.cn

中图分类号: TE122.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-21
- 修回日期: 2022-07-05
- 刊出日期: 2022-09-28

A comparison of geochemical features of source rocks of Eocene Wenchang Formation in the deep and shallow water zones of Pearl River Mouth Basin, SE China

YUAN Liping^{1, 2, 3
,},
JIANG Wenmin^{1, 2
, ,},
LI Yun^{1, 2},
ZHANG Lin^{1, 2, 3},
WANG Jianfeng^{1, 2, 3},
WANG Wei^{1, 2, 3},
XIONG Yongqiang^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
2.
CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
3.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

摘要

摘要: 珠江口盆地油气资源丰富，是我国海上油气勘探的热点区。古近系文昌组是盆内重要的烃源岩层之一，但对其地球化学特征研究还不够透彻，尤其是白云深水区文昌组烃源岩，因其埋藏深，岩心样品缺乏，目前研究大多基于易受钻井泥浆污染的岩屑样品，因而导致对其地球化学特征认识有限。因此，采用催化加氢热解技术从珠江口盆地深水区(主要来自珠二坳陷)和浅水区(主要来自珠一坳陷)文昌组的烃源岩干酪根结构中释放出键合烃，应用键合烃中生物标志化合物和单体烃碳同位素组成进行了精细的地球化学特征对比分析。研究结果表明，珠江口盆地文昌组烃源岩可划分为3种类型，包括中深湖相(WC-Ⅰ)、浅湖相(WC-Ⅱ)和藻类勃发的中深湖相(WC-Ⅲ)。中深湖相烃源岩(WC-Ⅰ)生物标志化合物组成具有低C₃₀4-甲基甾烷(4-Me/C₂₉ < 0.2)和双杜松烷含量，较轻的正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素组成(-33‰~-31‰)特征；浅湖相烃源岩(WC-Ⅱ)生物标志化合物特征表现为极低C₃₀4-甲基甾烷含量(4-Me/C₂₉均值为0.06)，低至高丰度的双杜松烷(T/C₃₀H均值为1.04)，较重的正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素组成(-30‰~-27‰)特征；藻类勃发的中深湖相烃源岩(WC-Ⅲ)具有高C₃₀4-甲基甾烷含量(4-Me/C₂₉=0.66)，重的正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素组成(-25‰~-23‰)特征。其中深水区和浅水区文昌组烃源岩均发育中深湖相(WC-Ⅰ)和浅湖相(WC-Ⅱ)，除此之外，浅水区文昌组还发育藻类勃发的中深湖相烃源岩(WC-Ⅲ)，而深水区尚未发现该类型烃源岩。通过对比珠江口盆地不同区域文昌组烃源岩键合烃的地球化学特征，发现浅水区文昌组中深湖相烃源岩可分为两种类型，为正确认识珠江口盆地不同区域文昌组烃源岩的地球化学特征提供科学依据，有助于对该区域进行油源对比。
- 催化加氢 /
- 碳同位素 /
- 文昌组 /
- 珠一坳陷 /
- 珠二坳陷 /
- 珠江口盆地
Abstract: The Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB) is one of the important offshore targets for oil and gas exploration in China and has great potential of oil and gas resources. The Eocene Wenchang Formation is one of the potential source rocks in the PRMB, but its geochemical characteristics are insufficiently studied, particularly for the Wenchang Formation source rocks in deep-water area of the PRMB. Due to the deep burial condition, core samples can rarely be obtained, and most samples are drilling cuttings which are easily to be contaminated by drilling mud, which makes it difficult to directly access the geochemical characteristics of Wenchang Formation source rocks. This paper aims to compare the geochemistry of the Wenchang Formation source rocks in the deep-water and shallow-water areas of the PRMB with an improved catalytic hydropyrolysis method to release the bound hydrocarbons from kerogen macromolecules. Based on the biomarkers and carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes released, the geochemical characteristics of Wenchang Formation source rocks in deep-water (mainly from Zhu Ⅱ Depression) and shallow water areas (mainly from Zhu Ⅰ Depression) from PRMB are compared. Results indicate that the source rocks of Wenchang Formation in PRMB can be classified into three types including semi-deep to deep lacustrine (WC-Ⅰ), shallow lacustrine (WC-Ⅱ), and semi-deep to deep lacustrine with algal blooming (WC-Ⅲ). The WC-Ⅰ are characterized by low C₃₀ 4-methylsteranes (4-Me/C₂₉ < 0.2) and bicadinanes contents, and relatively light carbon isotopic composition of individual n-alkanes (-33‰ to -31‰). The WC-Ⅱ are characterized by low 4-Me/C₂₉ ratios (average=0.06), low to high T/C₃₀H ratios (average=1.04), and relatively heavier carbon isotope composition of individual n-alkanes (-30‰ to -27‰). The WC-Ⅲ are characterized by high content of C₃₀ 4-methylsteranes (4-Me/C₂₉=0.66) and heavy carbon isotope compositions of individual n-alkanes (-25‰ to -23‰). The Wenchang Formation source rocks in deep-water and shallow-water areas have semi-deep to deep lacustrine facies (WC-Ⅰ) and shallow lacustrine facies (WC-Ⅱ). In addition, the semi-deep to deep lacustrine source rocks with algal blooming (WC-Ⅲ) also developed in shallow-water areas, but no such type of source rocks were found in deep-water area. This study compared the geochemical characteristics of bound hydrocarbons in source rocks of Wenchang Formation in different regions of PRMB, and found that the semi-deep to deep lacustrine source rocks of Wenchang Formation in shallow-water area can be divided into two types. It provides a scientific basis for a better understanding of the geochemical features of source rocks in different areas of Wenchang Formation in PRMB, and is helpful for oil-source correlations in this area.
- catalytic hydropyrolysis /
- carbon isotope /
- Wenchang Formation /
- Zhu Ⅰ Depression /
- Zhu Ⅱ Depression /
- Pearl River Mouth Basin

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图 1 珠江口盆地古近系文昌组烃源岩采样井位置

据文献[24]修改。

Figure 1. Sampling wells of source rocks from Eocene Wenchang Formation, Pearl River Mouth Basin

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图 2 珠江口盆地珠二和珠一坳陷古近系文昌组氢解产物中饱和烃的气相色谱和质谱图

Figure 2. Gas chromatograms and mass chromatograms of saturated hydrocarbons in hydropyrolysis products of Eocene Wenchang Formation, Zhu Ⅰand Ⅱ depressions, Pearl River Mouth Basin

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图 3 珠江口盆地古近系文昌组氢解产物中4-Me/C₂₉与T/C₃₀H(a)、δ¹³C_Av-n-alkanes与4-Me/C₂₉ (b)、δ¹³C_干酪根与δ¹³C_Av-n-alkanes(c)交会图

Figure 3. Cross plots of 4-Me/C₂₉ vs. T/C₃₀H (a), δ¹³C_Av-n-alkanes vs. 4-Me/C₂₉ (b) and δ¹³C_k_erogen vs. δ¹³C_Av-n-alkanes(c) in hydropyrolysis products from Eocene Wenchang Formation, Pearl River Mouth Basin

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图 4 珠江口盆地古近系文昌组氢解产物中正构烷烃碳同位素分布曲线

Figure 4. Carbon isotope profiles of individual n-alkane in hydropyrolysis products from Eocene Wenchang Formation, Pearl River Mouth Basin

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表 1 珠江口盆地文昌组烃源岩样品的基本信息

Table 1. Basic information of source rock samples from Eocene Wenchang Formation, Pearl River Mouth Basin

区域	编号	井号	岩性	深度/m	δ¹³C_干酪根/‰	ω(TOC)/%	S₁/(mg·g^-1)	S₂/(mg·g^-1)	T_max/℃	I_H/(mg·g^-1)
珠二坳陷	1	LW4-1-1	泥岩岩屑	3 195~3 235	-29.2	1.15	0.12	3.31	440	288
	2	LW9-1-2	泥岩岩屑	3 560~3 605	-28.6	1.09	0.10	2.28	443	208
	3	LH34-6-1	泥岩岩屑	3 847~3 865	-27.4	1.12	1.37	1.82	428	163
	4	LW3-2-4	泥岩岩屑	4 704~4 719	-27.0	1.19	1.02	4.13	434	347
珠一坳陷	5	LF16-6-1	泥岩岩屑	3 250~3 275	-26.0	1.51	0.60	9.00	434	596
	6	PY5-8-1	泥岩岩屑	3 678~3 694	-27.1	2.17	0.11	9.06	445	418
	7	HZ25-7-1	泥岩岩屑	3 855~3 865	-23.9	3.00	0.09	10.35	444	345
	8	HZ21-1-18	泥岩岩屑	4 220~4 250	-27.3	0.82	0.07	1.19	448	145
	9	XJ24-3s-2d	泥岩岩屑	4 444~4 450	-27.7	0.80	0.21	2.03	433	254
	10	XJ24-6-1	泥岩岩屑	4 550~4 580	-27.6	1.51	0.22	2.95	452	195

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表 2 珠江口盆地珠二坳陷和珠一坳陷古近系文昌组烃源岩氢解产物产率和生物标志化合物参数

Table 2. Yields and biomarker parameters of hydropyrolysis products from source rocks in Eocene Wenchang Formation, Zhu Ⅰand Ⅱ depressions, Pearl River Mouth Basin

样品编号	产率/(mg·g^-1)	饱和烃/%	芳烃/%	非烃/%	δ¹³C_A_V-n-alkanes/‰	CPI	(nC₂₁+nC₂₂)/(nC₂₇+nC₂₈)	C₂₃TT/C₃₀H	C₂₉H/C₃₀H	T/C₃₀H	4-Me/C₂₉	C₂₇/%	C₂₈/%	C₂₉/%	22S	20S	20ββ
1	670	16.9	29.0	54.1	-32.1	1.03	1.58	0.02	1.88	0.23	0.16	43	17	40	0.40	0.05	0.16
2	529	13.8	33.8	52.5	-31.7	1.03	2.34	0.04	1.08	0.13	0.14	42	19	39	0.49	0.34	0.23
3	514	9.1	21.2	69.7	-29.1	0.96	1.56	0.16	1.10	3.17		31	23	46	0.44	0.24	0.36
4	188	6.2	38.1	55.7	-29.4	0.94		0.18	0.84	1.20		17	19	64	0.29	0.19	0.29
5	981	20.7	34.4	44.9	-28.4	1.07	0.70	0.01	1.59	0.01	0.09	42	17	41	0.31	0.08	0.12
6	682	23.6	27.0	49.4	-31.6	1.02	0.95	0.24	1.69	0.04	0.20	38	27	35	0.45	0.33	0.14
7	540	24.5	31.6	43.9	-24.4	0.99	1.33	0.07	1.48	0.75	0.66	41	16	43	0.48	0.38	0.29
8	518	7.2	26.8	66.0	-28.5	1.18	2.86	0.13	1.11	1.01	0.04	13	23	63	0.37	0.21	0.36
9	773	6.2	29.8	64.0	-28.6	0.99	0.88	0.02	1.29	0.29	0.10	16	19	64	0.37	0.33	0.24
10	603	10.7	38.3	51.0	-28.3	0.93		0.07	0.86	0.61	0.02	16	11	73	0.27	0.47	0.47
注：$ \mathrm{CPI}=\frac{\sum\limits_{i=n}^m \mathrm{C}_{2 i+1}+\sum\limits_{i=n+1}^{m+1} \mathrm{C}_{2 i+1}}{2 \sum\limits_{i=n+1}^{m+1} \mathrm{C}_{2 i}}$，n=10，m=14(据文献[34])；T/C₃₀H=双杜松烷-T/C₃₀藿烷(计算自m/z 412)；C₂₃TT/C₃₀H=C₂₃三环萜烷/C₃₀藿烷(计算自m/z 191)；C₂₉H/C₃₀H=C₂₉藿烷/C₃₀藿烷(计算自m/z 191)；4-Me/C₂₉=C₃₀4-甲基甾烷/C₂₉甾烷(计算自m/z 217)；C_i=C_i/(C₂₇+C₂₈+C₂₉)ααα20R甾烷；22S=C₃₁H-22S/(22S+22R)；20S=C₂₉-ααα20S/(ααα20S+ααα20R)；20ββ=C₂₉-αββ/(αββ+ααα)。

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