压汞法与数字图像分析技术在致密砂岩储层微观孔隙定量分析中的应用——以鄂尔多斯盆地吴起油田X区块为例

孙雅雄; 张坦; 丁文龙; 姚威; 张驰

doi:10.11781/sysydz2022061105

压汞法与数字图像分析技术在致密砂岩储层微观孔隙定量分析中的应用——以鄂尔多斯盆地吴起油田X区块为例

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2022061105

孙雅雄^{1, 2,},
张坦³,
丁文龙⁴,
姚威³,
张驰³

1.
中国石化江苏油田分公司，江苏扬州 225009
2.
东北石油大学地球科学学院，黑龙江大庆 163318
3.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所，江苏无锡 214126
4.
中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院，北京 100083

基金项目:

国家科技重大专项 2016ZX05046-003-001

详细信息

作者简介:
孙雅雄(1993—)，男，博士，从事非常规油气地质理论与评价研究。E-mail: sunyaxiong2015@163.com

中图分类号: TE122.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-28
- 修回日期: 2022-09-21
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-28

Application of mercury intrusion method and digital image analysis in quantitative analysis of micro-scale pores in tight sandstone reservoirs: a case study of X block in Wuqi Oil Field, Ordos Basin

1.
Jiangsu Oilfield Branch Company, SINOPEC, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
2.
College of Geosciences, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318, China
3.
Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
4.
School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 为了探究鄂尔多斯盆地吴起油田X区块三叠系延长组长4+5、长6和侏罗系延安组延9、延10等4个亚段致密砂岩储层的孔隙结构，对该区12块样品进行了储层物性分析、扫描电镜观察、全岩X衍射实验及高压压汞实验，并利用图像分析技术和分形几何学定量地表征了致密砂岩的孔隙参数与分形维数。此外，讨论了分形维数与样品物性(孔隙度、渗透率)、孔隙结构参数(平均孔喉半径、分选系数)、孔隙几何参数(主要孔径、周长面积比、孔体比)之间的关系，还量化分析了沉积相及成岩环境对孔隙结构的影响。分析结果表明，孔隙结构分形维数范围为2.164~2.895(平均2.395)。分形维数与渗透率、孔隙度、平均孔喉半径呈负相关关系，与分选系数呈强正相关关系。研究区致密砂岩主要孔径较小、周长面积比大、孔体比较小、分形维数高，且分形维数随着孔体比和周长面积比的增大而增大，随主要孔径的增大而减小。可见样品孔隙结构相对复杂、各向异性较强且沉积环境会影响储层岩石的成分成熟度和结构成熟度，压实、胶结、淋滤等成岩作用会对储层进行改造，二者对致密砂岩储层的孔隙结构有着至关重要的影响。
- 致密砂岩 /
- 孔隙结构 /
- 分形维数 /
- 压汞法 /
- 数字图像分析 /
- 鄂尔多斯盆地
Abstract: In order to investigate the pore structures of the tight sandstone reservoirs in the 4+5th and 6th members of the Triassic Yanchang Formation (Chang4+5 and Chang6, respectively), and the 9th and 10th members of the Jurassic Yan'an Formation (Yan9 and Yan10, respectively) in the X block of Wuqi Oil Field, Ordos Basin, 12 samples were collected to analyze reservoir properties with the approaches of scanning electron microscope observation, X-ray diffraction and high pressure mercury intrusion. We also quantitatively characterized the pore parameter and fractal dimension of the tight sandstones by the using of digital image analysis and fractal geometry. In addition, we discussed the relationship between fractal dimension and sample properties (porosity, permeability), pore structure parameter (average pore-throat radius, sorting coefficient), pore geometric parameters (dominant pore size, perimeter over area, and pore body-to-throat ratio). The influence of sedimentary facies and diagenetic environment on pore structures were also quantitatively analyzed. Results show that the pore structure fractal dimension ranges from 2.164 to 2.895, with an average value of 2.395. Fractal dimension is negatively correlated to permeability, porosity and average pore-throat radius, and positively related to sorting coefficient. Tight sandstones in the study area generally show properties of low dominant pore size, high perimeter over area, lower body-to-throat ratio, and high dimensions. The fractal dimension is positively related to body-to-throat and perimeter-to-area ratio, and negatively related to pore size. It is indicated that the pore structure of the samples is relatively complex and has strong heterogeneity. Depositional environment affects the compositional maturity and structural maturity of reservoir.
- tight sandstone /
- pore structure /
- fractal dimension /
- mercury injection method /
- digital image analysis /
- Ordos Basin

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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地吴起油田X区位置(a)及岩性柱状图(b)

Figure 1. Location (a) and stratigraphic column (b) of X block in Wuqi Oil Field, Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地吴起油田X区样品岩心及薄片

Figure 2. Core and slice images of samples in X block, Wuqi Oil Field, Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 鄂尔多斯盆地吴起油田X区样品扫描电镜特征

Figure 3. FE-SEM images of samples in X block, Wuqi Oil Field, Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 鄂尔多斯盆地吴起油田X区样品孔隙度(φ)与渗透率(K)关系

Figure 4. Relationships between porosity and permeability of samples in X block, Wuqi Oil Field, Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 压汞法得出的样品分形维数计算结果与LnS/LnJ之间的关系

Figure 5. Relationship between LnS/LnJ and fractal dimension calculation results of samples from mercury intrusion method

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 样品分形维数与孔隙度(a)、渗透率(b)、平均孔喉半径(c)、分选系数(d)以及退汞效率(e)的关系

Figure 6. Relationship between fractal dimension and porosity (a), permeability (b), average pore-throat radius (c), sorting coefficient (d) and mercury removal efficiency (e) of samples

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图 7 样品分形维数与周长面积比(a)、主要孔径(b)以及孔体比(c)的关系

Figure 7. Relationship between fractal dimension and perimeter over area (a), dominant pore size (b) and body-to-throat ratio (c) of samples

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 样品颗粒圆度与分形维数(a)和主要孔径的关系(b)

Figure 8. Relationship between particle roundness and fractal dimension (a) and dominant pore size (b) of samples

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 鄂尔多斯盆地吴起油田X区样品压汞数据

Table 1. Mercury intrusion data of samples in X block, Wuqi Oil Field, Ordos Basin

样品	孔隙度/%	渗透率/(10^-3μm²)	分形维数	相关系数(r²)	最大孔喉半径/μm	平均孔喉半径/μm	分选系数	平均孔喉比	歪度	退汞效率/%	阈压(Pt)/MPa	中值压力/MPa
T-1	11.7	0.670	2.173	0.973	1.803	0.236	0.212	3.347	1.477	22.536	0.408	2.458
T-3	7.2	0.011	2.570	0.969	0.090	0.019	1.089	3.132	1.464	24.200	8.160	39.613
T-5	18.2	6.151	2.298	0.975	3.605	0.096	0.168	1.885	1.033	34.666	0.204	1.552
T-6	11.9	0.035	2.321	0.980	0.270	0.066	0.530	2.755	1.914	26.632	2.720	18.531
T-7	6.2	0.067	2.478	0.990	0.043	0.016	1.001	3.039	1.270	24.762	17.000	84.468
T-9	12.4	0.179	2.164	0.963	0.309	0.071	0.447	2.771	2.280	23.771	2.380	70.348
T-11	6.9	0.008	2.895	0.976	0.043	0.011	1.919	3.207	1.514	16.517	17.000	66.075
T-12			2.208	0.969	5.407	0.148	0.242	2.022	1.141	33.095	0.136	4.992
T-13	18.3	0.252	2.271	0.975	0.541	0.096	0.416	1.907	1.479	34.397	1.360	24.466
T-14	9.6	0.012	2.415	0.956	12.571	0.022	0.950	4.215	1.622	19.175	0.059	34.088
T-15	3.6	0.003	2.688	0.979	0.027	0.012	1.804	11.670	3.491	7.895	27.200
T-16	14.9	0.577	2.256	0.960	1.352	0.096	0.382	2.196	1.356	31.290	0.544	7.657

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表 2 鄂尔多斯盆地吴起油田X区样品薄片观察及全岩衍射数据

Table 2. X-ray diffraction and thin-section observation data of samples in X block, Wuqi Oil Field, Ordos Basin %

样品	薄片					全岩衍射
样品	石英碎屑	长石碎屑	火成岩碎屑	变质岩屑	其他 (云母等)	石英	钾长石	斜长石	方解石	白云石	菱铁矿	黏土矿物
T-1	33	34	10	11	12	28.1	18	16.9		4.8		32.2
T-3	31	39	8	14		67.6		7.4				17.9
T-5	30	25	15	30		32.0		13.1	3.7	7.3		43.9
T-6	36	35	9	8	12	48.2		33.8	5.5			12.5
T-7	38	38	12	8	4	34.0		18.4	6.0	8.6		33.0
T-9	46	18	9	27		80.1	5.4	11.3	3.2
T-11	33	32	12	22	1	45.6		23.1	11.2			20.1
T-12	32	26	16	24	2	81.2	7.4	11.4
T-13	34	35	14	10	7	36.4	6.9	27.7	3.3	7.1		18.6
T-14	43	30	6	8	13	35.0		8.0			11.2	45.8
T-15	35	25	10	15	15	30.5		20.9		12.5		36.1
T-16	30	34	16	18	2	38.8	2.5	10.0	9.6	5.5		33.6

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表 3 样品分形维数计算结果

Table 3. Results of fractal dimension of samples

样品	拟合方程	R²	分形维数(D₁)	拟合方程	R²	分形维数(D₂)
T-1	y=3.532 4x+13.179	0.972 3	5.532 4	y=0.172 6x+4.131 6	0.972 6	2.172 6
T-3	y=1.863 8x+5.328 3	0.995 7	3.863 8	y=0.569 8x+4.119 4	0.968 6	2.569 8
T-5	y=5.509 5x+18.187 0	0.956 3	7.509 5	y=0.298 1x+4.168 3	0.975 0	2.298 1
T-6	y=2.973 4x+9.660 2	0.995 2	4.973 4	y=0.321 4x+4.163 1	0.979 8	2.321 4
T-7	y=1.327 7x+2.314 5	0.995 8	3.327 7	y=0.477 7x+3.307 7	0.990 1	2.477 7
T-9	y=2.085 1x+5.851 2	0.992 9	4.085 1	y=0.163 9x+3.714 7	0.962 5	2.163 9
T-11	y=2.072 3x+5.032 9	0.996 8	4.072 3	y=0.895 3x+3.936 6	0.975 6	2.895 3
T-12	y=0.977 5x+3.729 3	0.967 4	2.977 5	y=0.207 5x+3.575 7	0.969 1	2.207 5
T-13	y=2.316 3x+8.499 1	0.979 9	4.346 3	y=0.271 0x+3.946 4	0.974 9	2.271 0
T-14	y=2.330 7x+6.441 9	0.994 7	4.330 7	y=0.415 3x+4.163 9	0.956 2	2.415 3
T-15	y=0.687 8x+1.379 0	0.994 8	2.687 8	y=1.404 4x+1.425 7	0.978 8	3.404 4
T-16	y=3.509 9x+11.724 0	0.995 0	5.509 9	y=0.255 7x+4.004 0	0.960 4	2.255 7

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表 4 样品数字图像分析结果

Table 4. Results of digital image analysis of samples

样品	面积周长比/mm^-1	主要孔径大小/μm	孔体比	颗粒圆度
T-1	536.580	6.302	1.748	2.282
T-3	892.860	2.764	15.339	3.300
T-5	565.560	4.699	0.652	2.644
T-6	855.810	3.561	6.585	2.688
T-7	1 242.710	2.707	31.259	3.243
T-9	577.138	6.149	9.950	2.560
T-11	1 854.432	2.460	28.406	3.766
T-12	720.921	4.963	0.459	2.534
T-13	722.861	4.533	4.192	2.918
T-14	1 176.639	2.712	0.108	2.668
T-15	1 323.333	2.017	37.352	3.226
T-16	665.289	5.272	1.950	2.248

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