Discussion on genesis and geological significance of "low resistivity and low gas content" of Longmaxi Formation shale in southeastern Sichuan
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摘要: 为了明确五峰组—龙马溪组页岩“低电阻、低含气”成因，有效指导四川盆地下一步页岩气的勘探部署，依托全区大量钻井调查、解剖及分析化验测试结果，对问题开展了较为详细的研究。该区龙马溪组页岩低电阻率测井按其电性特征、地质特征的差异，可分为小于1 Ω·m和1~10 Ω·m两类。电阻率小于1 Ω·m的页岩气井基本不含气，以干井为主，分布区域相对集中，主要位于川西南、长宁西等地区；其电阻率曲线形态具“细脖子”特征，拉曼反射率普遍在3.70%以上且出现高幅度石墨峰；另外不同状态下岩电实验电阻值变化范围小，且均呈现极低—低电阻特征，说明石墨化造成的岩石骨架导电是影响该类页岩的主要原因。页岩电阻率在1~10 Ω·m范围的钻井分布区域较广，以微含气为主，在盆内、盆外均有分布，其电性、激光拉曼及岩电实验等表现出来的特征与电阻率小于1 Ω·m的页岩差异明显，页岩电阻率曲线具“渐变”特征，激光拉曼实测反射率在3.50% 左右，激光拉曼图谱也没有表现出明显的石墨峰特征。该类页岩进行烘干水及饱和水两种状态下的岩电实验变化范围大，即烘干前、后页岩电阻率变化在7~20倍，且呈现中—高电阻率特征，揭示页岩含水量对页岩电阻率有显著影响。结合实钻资料认为，页岩气保存条件变差、含水率增高是造成该类低阻井的主要原因。Abstract: In order to clarify the genesis of "low resistivity and low gas content" in the shale of Wufeng-Longmaxi formations and effectively guide the next step of shale gas exploration in Sichuan Basin, a detailed study on the problem based on a large number of drilling surveys, dissections, and analysis of laboratory test results in the entire area was carried out herein. Low-resistivity wells of Longmaxi Formation shale in this area can be divided into two types based on their electrical and geological characteristics, which are less than 1 Ω·m and 1-10 Ω·m. Shale gas wells with resistivity less than 1 Ω·m are basically gas-free and mostly dry wells with relatively concentrated distribution areas, mainly located in southwestern Sichuan and western Changning. The resistivity curve of the shale exhibits a "thin neck" characteristic, with a Raman reflectance generally above 3.70% and a high amplitude graphite peak. In addition, the variation range of resistance values in rock electrical experiments under different states is small, and they all exhibit extremely low to low resistance characteristics, indicating that the conductivity of the rock skeleton caused by graphitization is the main factor affecting this type of shale. The drilling distribution area of shale with resistivity in the range of 1-10 Ω·m is relatively wider, mainly with slight gas content, distributed both inside and outside the basin. The characteristics exhibited by its electrical properties, laser Raman, and rock electrical experiments are significantly different from those of shale less than 1 Ω·m. The resistance curve of this type of shale exhibits a "gradual" characteristic, with a measured Raman reflectance of around 3.50% by laser Raman spectroscopy. The laser Raman spectrum also does not show obvious graphite peak characteristics. This type of shale undergoes a wide range of changes in rock electrical experiments under two states: dry water and saturated water, with a change in shale resistivity of 7 to 20 times before and after drying, and exhibits medium to high electrical resistance characteristics, revealing a significant impact of shale water content on shale resistivity. Based on actual drilling data, it is believed that the deterioration of shale gas preservation conditions and the increase in water content are the main reasons for this type of low-resistivity well.
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Key words:
- low resistivity /
- graohitization /
- high water content /
- preservation condition /
- shale gas /
- Longmaxi Formation /
- southeastern
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图 1 四川盆地及周缘地区龙马溪组页岩低电阻率井分布
Figure 1. Distribution of shale low-resistivity wells in Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin and surrounding areas
图 2 小于1 Ω·m极低电阻率页岩“细脖子型”特征
Figure 2. "Thin neck" characteristics of shale with extremely low resistivity less than 1 Ω·m
图 3 不同电阻率页岩TOC含量与电阻率值相关关系
Figure 3. Correlation between TOC content and resistivity values of shale with different resistivity
图 4 四川盆地小于1 Ω·m极低电阻率页岩有机质激光拉曼谱图
Figure 4. Laser Raman spectroscopy of organic matter in shale with extremely low resistivity less than 1 Ω·m, Sichuan Basin
图 5 四川盆地小于1 Ω·m极低电阻率页岩不同状态下电阻率统计直方图
Figure 5. Statistical histograms of shale resistivity in different states for shale with extremely low resistivity less than 1 Ω·m, Sichuan Basin
图 6 四川盆地MY1井页岩电阻率随含水饱和度变化趋势
Figure 6. Trend of shale resistivity variation with water saturation in well MY1 in Sichuan Basin
图 7 1~10 Ω·m低电阻率页岩“渐变型”特征
低电阻率页岩段主要集中在龙一亚段—五峰组。
Figure 7. "Gradient type" characteristics of shale with low resistivity of 1-10 Ω·m
图 8 1~10 Ω·m低电阻率页岩与大于10 Ω·m电阻率页岩有机质激光拉曼谱图对比
Figure 8. Comparison of organic matter Laser Raman spectrograms between shales with low resistivity of 1-10 Ω·m and shales with resistivity greater than 10 Ω·m
图 9 四川盆地SHY1井龙马溪组页岩透射电子成像图
Figure 9. Transmission electron imaging of shale in Longmaxi Formation of well SHY1 in Sichuan Basin
图 10 1~10 Ω · m低电阻率页岩与大于10 Ω · m电阻率页岩在不同状态下电阻率变化对比
Figure 10. Comparison of resistivity changes between shale with low resistivity of 1-10 Ω · m and shale with resistivity greater than 10 Ω · m in different states
表 1 四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组部分典型低电阻率页岩气井测试产能统计
Table 1. Production capacity of some typical low-resistivity shale gas wells in Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in Sichuan Basin
井名 电阻率/(Ω·m) 含气量/(m3/t) 孔隙度/% 测试产量/(104 m3/d) N211井 8.30 直井测试0.7 JYT1井 6.60 3.90 4.30 水平井测试0.96 LY4井 2.80 2.90 水平井测试1.1 H201井 5.10 2.79 产微气、产水 X202井 4.80 水平井测试0.03 SHY1井 4.10 2.28 3.20 未测试 MY1井 0.13 0.10 1.10 未测试 YZ1井 0.60 0.46 1.91 未测试 LY1井 0.59 0.34 0.69 未测试 
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表 2 四川盆地小于1 Ω·m极低电阻率页岩电阻值与激光拉曼反射率对应表
Table 2. Corresponding table of shale resistance values and laser Raman reflectance for shale with extremely low resistivity less than 1 Ω·m, Sichuan Basin
项目 N222井 HY1井 LY1井 MY1井 激光拉曼反射率/% 3.71~3.92 3.80~4.00 3.73 3.76 电阻率/(Ω﹒m) 0.14 0.20 0.60 0.15
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