油气勘探领域微米CT实验关键技术探讨及应用

黄向胜; 罗程飞; 张群; 陈金定; 张耀元; 刘晓文

doi:10.11781/sysydz2025030659

油气勘探领域微米CT实验关键技术探讨及应用

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2025030659

中海油能源发展股份有限公司, 海口 570100

基金项目:

广东省南海复杂油气藏勘探开发重点实验室、中海石油(中国)集团公司“十四五”重大科技项目子课题“多尺度数字岩心数据赋能关键技术” KJGG2024-15-0102

详细信息

作者简介:
黄向胜(1988—)，男，高级工程师，从事油气地质勘探实验与研究工作。E-mail: huangxsh2@cnooc.com.cn

通讯作者:
罗程飞(1987-), 男, 博士, 高级工程师, 从事石油地质实验与研究工作。E-mail: luochf@cnooc.com.cn

中图分类号: TE135.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-05
- 修回日期: 2025-03-17
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-28

Discussion on key technologies in micro-CT experiments and their applications in oil and gas exploration

CNOOC Energy Development Co., Ltd., Haikou, Hainan 570100, China

摘要

摘要: 微米CT技术在油气田勘探与开发过程中已得到广泛应用，但关键控制参数、数据处理方法等环节尚未形成统一的规范，其数据的准确性和可比性仍受到较大影响。为系统研究微米CT实验参数对测试结果的影响，选取南海北部湾盆地和莺歌海盆地的7块典型样品，重点探讨检测分辨率、表征性体积单元大小及数据处理方式对实验结果的影响。研究结果表明：(1)固定的检测分辨率是确保数据可靠性的关键因素，对孔隙结构参数的提取及后续分析影响最为显著，应综合考虑样品尺寸和岩性特征等因素进行优化设置；(2)在表征砂岩样品孔隙度时，较大的体积单元能提高结果的准确性，而在构建孔隙网络模型时，表征性体积单元应不小于600体素×600体素×600体素，以确保网络模型的代表性；(3)采用分区间统计法计算孔隙直径(Φ)的累积体积频率，并绘制孔径分布曲线，同时使用体积法计算平均孔径，可更精确地表征岩石的孔隙结构特征。研究结果不仅为微米CT技术在油气勘探中的测试流程和应用提供了理论支撑，同时也为实验规范的制定提供了参考。
- 微米CT /
- 检测分辨率 /
- 表征性体积单元 /
- 孔隙结构参数 /
- 数据处理
Abstract: Micro-CT technology has been widely applied in oil and gas exploration and development. However, unified standards for key control parameters and data processing methods have yet to be established, significantly affecting data accuracy and comparability. To systematically study the impact of micro-CT experimental parameters on test results, seven representative samples from the Beibuwan Basin and the Yinggehai Basin in the South China Sea were used as the research subjects. The research focused on the impact of scanning resolution, representative volume element (RVE) size, and data processing methods on experimental outcomes. The findings indicated that: (1) A fixed scanning resolution is a key factor in ensuring data reliability, as it significantly affects the extraction of pore structure parameters and subsequent analysis. Resolution should be optimized considering sample size and lithological characteristics. (2) For characterizing the porosity of sandstone samples, better result accuracy can be achieved by increasing the RVE size. While constructing pore network models, the RVE size should be no smaller than 600×600×600 voxels to ensure model representativeness. (3) Use interval-based statistics to calculate the cumulative volume frequency of pore diameters (Φ), and plot the pore size distribution curves. Use the volumetric method to calculate the average pore diameter. These methods can provide a more accurate characterization of rock pore structure. The study offers theoretical support for the application and workflow optimization of micro-CT technology in oil and gas exploration, providing a reference for establishing experimental standards.
- micro-CT /
- scanning resolution /
- representative volume element /
- pore structure parameters /
- data processing
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors declare no relevant conflict of interests.

作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

黄向胜、陈金定、张耀元、张群参与实验设计；黄向胜、罗程飞、刘晓文完成实验操作；黄向胜、罗程飞参与论文写作和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

The experiment was designed by HUANG Xiangsheng, CHEN Jinding, ZHANG Yaoyuan, and ZHANG Qun. The experimental operation was completed by HUANG Xiangsheng, LUO Chengfei, and LIU Xiaowen. The manuscript was drafted and revised by HUANG Xiangsheng and LUO Chengfei. All authors have read the final version of the paper and consented to its submission.

HTML全文

图 1 北部湾盆地1号砂岩样品不同分辨率下CT扫描XY截面灰度

Figure 1. Grayscale CT scans of XY cross-section at different resolutions for sandstone sample No. 1 from Beibuwan Basin

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图 2 北部湾盆地1号砂岩样品不同分辨率下孔隙直径和喉道半径分布频率

Figure 2. Pore diameter and throat radius frequency distributions at different resolutions for sandstone sample No. 1 from Beibuwan Basin

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图 3 北部湾盆地2号砂岩样品不同分辨率下CT扫描XY截面灰度

Figure 3. Grayscale CT scans of XY cross-section at different resolutions for sandstone sample No. 2 from Beibuwan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 北部湾盆地2号砂岩样品不同分辨率下孔隙直径和喉道半径分布频率

Figure 4. Pore diameter and throat radius distribution frequency at different resolutions for sandstone sample No. 2 from Beibuwan Basin

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图 5 北部湾盆地和莺歌海盆地砂岩CT扫描孔隙度与孔隙网络模型构建用时随体积单元变化

Figure 5. Variation of porosity in CT scans and time for constructing pore network models with volume element in sandstones from Beibuwan and Yinggehai basins

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图 6 北部湾盆地1号样、3号样、4号样和莺歌海盆地6号样CT扫描孔隙及喉道分布频率

Figure 6. Pore and throat distribution frequency in CT scans of samples No. 1, 3, and 4 from Beibuwan Basin and sample No. 6 from Yinggehai Basin

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图 7 北部湾盆地3号样品CT扫描(a-c)与模拟铸体薄片(d-f)孔隙图像对比

Figure 7. Comparison of CT scans (a-c) and simulated cast thin-section (d-f) pore images of sample No. 3 from Beibuwan Basin

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图 8 北部湾盆地3号样品CT扫描岩石逐层面孔率分布

Figure 8. Layer-by-layer pore fraction distribution of the rock in CT scans of sample No. 3 from Beibuwan Basin

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图 9 北部湾盆地3号样品CT扫描法与薄片图像法的孔隙分布频率对比

Figure 9. Comparison of pore distribution frequency between CT scanning and thin-section imaging for sample No. 3 from Beibuwan Basin

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图 10 北部湾盆地5号样品(a-b)和莺歌海盆地7号样品(c-d)CT扫描3D视图及XY方向截面灰度图

Figure 10. 3D CT scans and XY cross-section grayscale of sample No. 5 from Beibuwan Basin(a-b) and sample No. 7 from Yinggehai Basin(c-d)

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图 11 莺歌海盆地6号样品CT扫描灰度图及孔隙结构参数直方图

Figure 11. Grayscale CT scans and pore structure parameter histograms of sample No. 6 from Yinggehai Basin

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图 12 莺歌海盆地6号样品CT扫描YZ方向截面微裂缝特征灰度

Figure 12. Microcrack characteristics in grayscale CT scans of YZ cross-section of sample No. 6 from Yinggehai Basin

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表 1 北部湾盆地和莺歌海盆地实验样品信息

Table 1. Information of experimental samples from Beibuwan and Yinggehai basins

盆地	样品编号	深度/m	岩石学特征	孔隙度/%	渗透率/10^-3 μm²
北部湾盆地	1	3 026.98	长石石英细—中砂岩，压实作用强，孔隙类型以长石溶孔、高岭石晶间孔为主，少量粒间孔。	16.70	0.759
	2	3 548.00	长石石英中—粗砂岩，压实作用强，孔隙类型以长石溶蚀孔、铸模孔为主。	10.60	0.157
	3	3 497.50	含碳酸盐不等粒砂岩，碳酸盐不均匀胶结，孔隙类型以长石溶孔、铸模孔为主。	11.70	1.344
	4	3 490.00	含碳酸盐中—粗砂岩，碳酸盐不均匀胶结，孔隙类型以粒间孔为主。	21.73	3 200.147
	5	1 024.26	碎裂花岗岩，花岗结构，成分主要为钾长石、石英，储集空间主要为长石溶蚀孔隙和少量裂缝。	13.20	1.712
莺歌海盆地	6	4 215.80	长石岩屑石英粗—极粗砂岩，压实作用强，岩屑含量较丰富，长石溶孔及铸模孔发育，原生粒间孔少，整体孔隙差。	11.77	1.690
莺歌海盆地	7	3 170.48	泥砂互层，砂质以极细粒为主，部分粉砂，呈条带状或透镜状分布；泥质主要呈条带状分布。	8.03	0.081

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表 2 北部湾盆地1号样品和2号样品微米CT扫描孔隙结构参数

Table 2. Micro-CT computed pore structure parameters of samples No. 1 and No. 2 from Beibuwan Basin

样品编号	样品直径/cm	分辨率/(μm /体素)	孔隙度/%	平均孔径/μm	喉道半径/μm	喉道长度/μm	配位数/个
1	2.54	10.00	5.05	177.58	25.63	137.05	0.86
1-1	0.50	5.50	7.91	109.37	13.78	75.33	1.57
1-1	0.50	2.65	9.66	25.97	6.69	37.81	2.77
2	3.81	15.00	9.80	239.30	33.95	147.92	0.76
2-1	0.50	2.54	11.47	70.88	9.23	47.80	2.39

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表 3 北部湾盆地1号样、3号样、4号样和莺歌海盆地6号样CT扫描不同体积单元孔隙结构参数

Table 3. Pore structure parameters of different volume elements in CT scans for samples No. 1, 3, and 4 from Beibuwan Basin and sample No. 6 from Yinggehai Basin

样品编号	样品直径/cm	分辨率/(μm/体素)	类型	体积单元大小/体素	孔隙度/%	孔隙数/个	喉道数/个	体积法平均孔径/μm	数量法平均孔径/μm	平均喉道半径/μm	平均喉道长度/μm	平均配位数/个
1	0.80	2.65	三维CT	300×300×300	10.29	4 304	5 447	48.64	15.15	6.61	36.05	2.53
				500×500×500	9.33	14 521	18 475	57.13	22.66	6.82	37.32	2.54
				700×700×600	9.79	40 288	56 455	55.84	23.57	6.87	38.33	2.80
				900×900×900	9.66	86 111	119 246	56.57	21.14	6.69	37.81	2.77
				1 400×1 400×1 400	10.53	306 183	466 925	59.17	24.43	7.01	39.20	3.05
3	2.54	10.00	三维CT	300×300×300	6.57	1 392	888	228.94	85.38	36.55	163.62	1.28
				500×500×500	5.31	5 968	3 410	210.52	83.02	35.14	155.90	1.14
				600×600×600	5.14	10 083	5 685	214.59	83.54	35.15	158.41	1.13
				700×700×600	4.93	15 809	8 640	213.49	82.62	34.82	156.51	1.09
				1 000×1 000×1 000	4.72	47 153	24 442	213.11	83.10	34.12	159.96	1.04
			CT模拟二维薄片	1 500×1 500	4.59	1 410	28	143.74	77.93	25.23		0.04
				1 500×1 500	5.01	1 315	26	158.68	83.39	33.76		0.04
				1 500×1 500	6.25	1 024	65	284.95	88.73	43.67		0.13
4	2.54	10.00	三维CT	300×300×300	18.63	2 584	3 622	187.31	105.03	29.57	188.20	2.80
				600×600×600	19.00	21 654	30 543	191.28	101.41	28.95	184.93	2.82
				800×800×800	19.51	34 973	48 985	189.52	100.43	28.82	184.03	2.80
				1 000×1 000×1 000	17.76	103 485	140 737	189.53	99.89	28.11	180.33	2.72
6	2.54	10.00	三维CT	300×300×300	10.35	4 083	2 144	217.09	62.10	39.93	189.81	1.05
				500×500×500	11.31	12 934	8 536	226.96	63.11	35.06	192.20	1.32
				700×700×600	11.42	49 580	34 210	235.95	64.56	35.79	198.06	1.38
				1 000×1 000×1 000	11.78	145 562	109 899	237.53	64.98	35.62	195.87	1.51

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