鄂尔多斯盆地南缘奥陶系平凉组微生物碳酸盐岩储层特征与演化过程

张军涛; 金晓辉; 孙冬胜; 杨佳奇; 丁茜

doi:10.11781/sysydz202203385

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘奥陶系平凉组微生物碳酸盐岩储层特征与演化过程

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202203385

张军涛^{1, 2,},
金晓辉^{1, 2},
孙冬胜^{1, 2},
杨佳奇³,
丁茜^{1, 2}

1.
中国石化深部地质与资源重点实验室, 北京 102206
2.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 102206
3.
中国地质大学能源学院, 北京 100083

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金项目 U19B6003

国家自然科学面上基金 42072177

中国科学院A类战略性先导项目 XDA14010201

详细信息

作者简介:
张军涛(1981-), 男, 博士, 高级工程师, 从事碳酸盐岩储层地质研究。E-mail: zhangjt.syky@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE122.23
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-22
- 修回日期: 2022-04-28
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-28

Characteristics and evolution of microbial carbonate reservoirs in the Pingliang Formation on the southern margin of Ordos Basin

ZHANG Juntao^{1, 2
,},
JIN Xiaohui^{1, 2},
SUN Dongsheng^{1, 2},
YANG Jiaqi³,
DING Qian^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Deep Geology and Resources, SINOPEC, Beijing 102206, China
2.
Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 102206, China
3.
College of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 微生物碳酸盐岩储层作为一种重要的油气储层，蕴含大量油气资源。近期在鄂尔多斯盆地中东部马家沟组发现有工业气流，证实这类储层在鄂尔多斯盆地也具有十分广泛的勘探前景。在盆地南缘同样发现类似储层，通过岩石学和地球化学手段，研究了该区奥陶系平凉组微生物碳酸盐岩储层发育特征及演化过程。盆地南缘发育有较盆地内更大规模的微生物丘滩复合体，厚度可达100 m以上；微生物岩类型主要为凝块石灰岩，以溶蚀孔为主。平凉组微生物岩储层经历了准同生期和表生期两期岩溶作用，埋藏期存在油气充注。准同生期经历了短暂暴露，形成大量不规则状溶孔，放射纤维状方解石孔隙充填在早期孔隙之中，具有与基质方解石相似的碳氧同位素和Sr、Mg等微量元素含量，说明其来源于同期海水。表生期，早期溶孔发生扩大，形成了大量的裂缝和溶洞，同时伴有粗晶方解石和泥质的充填，部分粗晶方解石显示出大气降水的特征。埋藏期存在油气充注，现今溶孔和裂缝中存在有沥青残余，埋藏期充填方解石中也能见到大量液态烃包裹体。鄂尔多斯盆地南缘平凉组微生物碳酸盐岩发育优质储集空间，存在油气充注过程，是潜在的油气勘探领域。
- 放射纤维状方解石 /
- 溶蚀作用 /
- 微生物碳酸盐岩 /
- 平凉组 /
- 奥陶系 /
- 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘
Abstract: As an important type of hydrocarbon reservoir, microbial carbonate contains great amount of hydrocarbon resources. The recent discovery of industrial gas in the Majiagou Formation in the east-central part of the Ordos Basin indicates that this type of reservoir also has very extensive exploration prospects in the Ordos Basin. Similar reservoirs were also found on the southern margin of the basin, but no systematic research has been achieved. In this paper, petrological and geochemical anatomy of microbial carbonate reservoirs of the Pingliang Formation on the southern margin of the Ordos Basin were carried out. Results show that the study area developed a larger-scale microbial mound and beach complex than that in the basin, and the thickness can be more than 100 m. The microbial rock is mainly agglomerate limestone with dissolution pores. The microbial rock reservoir of the Pingliang Formation has experienced two stages of karsting, quasi-syngenesis and epigenesis, which are the key for the formation of reservoir, and there is oil and gas charging during the burial period. Among them, the quasi-syngenetic stage experienced a brief exposure, forming a large amount of irregular-shaped solution pores, and radial fibrous calcite pores filled in the early pores, with similar oxygen/carbon isotope and trace element contents such as Sr and Mg as the matrix calcite, it is then indicated that they were originated from seawater in the same period. During the epigenetic stage, the early solution pores expanded, forming a large number of fractures and cavities, accompanied by the filling of coarse-crystal calcite and mud, and some of the coarse crystalline calcite shows the characteristics of atmospheric precipitation. There is oil and gas charging during the burial period. There are bituminous residues in the present-day solution holes and fractures, and a large amount of liquid hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions can be observed in the calcite filling during the burial period. In summary, the microbial carbonate of the Pingliang Formation at the southern edge of the Ordos Basin, where both reservoir formation and hydrocarbon filling processes exist, is a potential exploration field.
- radial fibrous calcite /
- dissolution /
- microbial carbonate /
- Pingliang Formation /
- Ordovician /
- southern margin of Ordos Basin

HTML全文

图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘上奥陶统平凉组沉积时期沉积相^[30]

Figure 1. Sedimentary facies of Upper Ordovician Pingliang Formation, southern margin of Ordos Basin

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图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘铜钻1井综合柱状图

修改自文献[30]。

Figure 2. Stratigraphic column of well Tongzuan 1, southern margin of Ordos Basin

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图 3 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘上奥陶统平凉组微生物岩岩石学特征

a.凝块石灰岩，发育有扁平状溶孔，边缘为暗色放射纤维状方解石(RFC)，后期有示顶底结构，上部为白色粗晶方解石充填，下部为泥晶方解石，陈炉任家湾剖面，平凉组；b.凝块石灰岩，内部有窗格孔，发育有溶孔，边缘为暗色放射纤维状方解石(RFC)，陈炉任家湾剖面，平凉组，显微镜单偏光；c.凝块石灰岩，内部有窗格孔，发育有溶孔，边缘为暗色放射纤维状方解石(RFC)，裂缝内有粗晶方解石(CC)充填，铜钻1井，平凉组，显微镜单偏光下；d.凝块石灰岩，发育有溶孔，边缘为暗色放射纤维状方解石(RFC)，后期为白色粗晶方解石(CC)充填，后期裂缝切穿溶孔，陈炉任家湾剖面，平凉组，显微镜单偏光下；e.凝块石灰岩，视域同图 3d，基质凝块石与放射纤维状方解石(RFC)不发光，但是放射纤维状方解石(RFC)内部少量发亮黄色光，溶孔内粗晶方解石不发光，裂缝内充填粗晶方解石(CC)发橙色光，最后期方解石(CC)不发光，陈炉任家湾剖面，平凉组，阴极发光；f.凝块石灰岩，发育有溶孔，边缘为暗色放射纤维状方解石(RFC)，成分相对复杂，含暗色包裹体，后有粗晶方解石(CC)充填，成分较为均一，陈炉任家湾剖面，平凉组，电子探针背散射照片

Figure 3. Petrological characteristics of microbial carbonates in Upper Ordovician Pingliang Formation, southern margin of Ordos Basin

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图 4 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘上奥陶统平凉组

微生物岩中不同类型方解石碳、氧同位素交会图

Figure 4. Carbon and oxygen isotopes of different types of calcite in microbial carbonates of Upper Ordovician Pingliang Formation, southern margin of Ordos Basin

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图 5 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘上奥陶统平凉组微生物碳酸盐岩孔隙内的沥青和液态烃

a.凝块石灰岩，发育溶孔，边缘为暗色放射纤维状方解石，后有沥青充填，最后为粗晶方解石充填，铜钻1井，平凉组；b.图 5a的局部放大，溶孔内充填有沥青，沥青为油滴状，显微镜单偏光；c.图 5a的局部放大，溶孔内充填有沥青，沥青为裂片和油滴状，显微镜单偏光；d.凝块石灰岩，发育有溶孔，有白云石充填，白云石内部有沥青，平凉组，显微镜单偏光；e.凝块石灰岩，发育溶孔，充填有粗晶方解石，方解石内部含有大量包裹体，平凉组，显微镜单偏光；f.凝块石灰岩，视域同图 5e，发育溶孔，充填有粗晶方解石，方解石内部含有大量包裹体，部分在荧光下发蓝光，平凉组

Figure 5. Bitumen and liquid hydrocarbons in pores of microbial carbonates in Upper Ordovician Pingliang Formation, southern margin of Ordos Basin

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图 6 鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系微生物岩储层形成模式

Figure 6. Formation model of Ordovician microbial carbonate reservoirs in Ordos Basin

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