走滑断裂演化程度的表征参数研究

邓铭哲; 蔡芃睿; 陆建林; 邓棚

doi:10.11781/sysydz2023051007

走滑断裂演化程度的表征参数研究

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2023051007

中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126

基金项目:

中国石化科技部项目“巴楚—麦盖提地区构造演化及断裂成因机制” P22125

详细信息

作者简介:
邓铭哲(1990-), 男, 博士, 助理研究员, 本刊青年编委, 从事含油气盆地分析。E-mail: dengmz.syky@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE121.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-31
- 修回日期: 2023-09-12
- 刊出日期: 2023-09-28

Characterization parameters of the evolution degree of strike-slip faults

Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China

摘要

摘要: 走滑断裂及其相关构造具有巨大的油气勘探价值，准确认识走滑断裂的演化程度关乎走滑构造带油气勘探的效果。前人的研究已经对走滑构造的生长演化过程有了定性认识，但仍缺乏客观定量确定走滑断裂带演化程度的依据，其核心问题是缺少能够表征走滑断裂演化程度的参数。为解决此问题，基于自身开展的里德尔剪切构造物理模拟实验，采集平面图像，进行了走滑断裂带内断裂几何学参数的统计分析。通过分析断裂带演化过程中平面结构阶段性变化与几何学统计参数变化的对应关系，揭示了断裂演化过程中几何学参数的变化规律，提出了将同一条断裂带内相邻断裂间夹角数据的标准差作为走滑构造演化程度表征参数的新认识。走滑断裂带演化程度与断裂带内相邻断裂夹角数据标准差具有明显相关关系，不同演化程度中的平面构造样式与断裂带内相邻断裂夹角数据的标准差值分布区间相对应；依据断裂平面组合样式，走滑断裂演化阶段可以划分为剪切单向破裂阶段、剪切雁列破裂阶段、剪切连通破裂阶段，分别对应断裂带内相邻断裂夹角数据标准差值(S)范围为1＜S＜4、4≤S＜8、S≥8；针对实际的走滑断裂带，通过统计断裂带内相邻断裂夹角数据的标准差能够分析出走滑断裂的演化程度。
- 断裂演化 /
- 相邻断裂夹角 /
- 走滑断裂 /
- 构造物理模拟 /
- 油气勘探
Abstract: Strike-slip faults and their related structures have great value for oil and gas exploration. Accurate understanding of the evolution degree of strike-slip faults is crucial to oil and gas exploration in strike-slip structural belts. Previous studies have had a qualitative understanding of the growth and evolution process of strike-slip faults, but there is still a lack of objective and quantitative basis to determine the evolution degree of strike-slip fault zone. The key is the lack of parameters that can characterize the evolution degree of strike-slip faults. In order to solve this problem, this paper, based on the independent physical simulation experiment of Riedel shear structure, collected plane images and carried out a statistical analysis of fault geometry parameters in strike-slip fault zone. By analyzing the corresponding relationship between the periodic change of plane structure and the change of geometric statistical parameters during the evolution of fault zone, the change law of geometric parameters during the evolution of fault zone is revealed, and a new understanding is proposed that the standard deviation of the angle data between adjacent faults in the same fault zone is taken as the characterization parameter of the evolution degree of strike-slip faults. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The evolution degree of strike-slip fault zone is significantly related with the standard deviation of the angle data between adjacent faults in fault zone, and the plane structural style in different evolution degrees corresponds to the distribution interval of the standard deviation of the angle data between adjacent faults in fault zone; (2) According to the combination pattern of fault planes, the evolution stage of strike slip fault can be divided into shear unidirectional fracture stage, shear en echelon fracture stage, and shear connected fracture stage, and the corresponding standard deviation (S) of the angle data between adjacent faults in fault zone is 1 < S < 4, 4≤S < 8, and S≥8, respectively; (3) For the actual strike-slip fault zone, the evolution degree of strike-slip faults can be revealed by statistical analysis of the standard deviation of the angle data between adjacent faults in fault zone.
- fault evolution /
- angle between adjacent faults /
- strike-slip fault /
- physical simulation of structure /
- oil and gas exploration
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

1) 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

2) 邓铭哲、陆建林参与实验设计；邓铭哲、邓棚完成实验操作；邓铭哲、蔡芃睿参与论文写作和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

2) 作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

HTML全文

图 1 走滑构造物理模拟实验平台设置

a.正视图；b.侧视图；c.俯视图；d.实验材料铺设厚度照片

Figure 1. Platform settings of physical simulation experiments of strike-slip faults

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同性质实验材料的变形状态对比

位置见图 1。
a.含水量约10%时砂体走滑破碎形态；b.干燥砂体走滑破碎形态；c.含水量约5%时砂体走滑破碎形态。

Figure 2. Comparison of deformation states of experimental materials of different properties

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 物理模拟实验过程中的部分视频截图及局部放大

Figure 3. Partial video screenshots and partial enlarged detail obtained in physical simulation experiments

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 标准差与走滑活动位移量及实验平面照片的对应关系

Figure 4. Correspondence between standard deviation and displacement of sliding activity and the experimental plane photograph

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 NAYLOR等^[17](a)和TCHALENKO^[18](b)的构造物理模拟实验平面图像

Figure 5. Plane images obtained in the physical simulation experiments conducted by NAYLOR et al. (a) and TCHALENKO (b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 相邻断裂夹角数据标准差与位移量变化对应关系

统计数据见表 2和表 3。

Figure 6. Correspondence between standard deviation of the angle data between adjacent faults and displacement change

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 顺北5号断裂与顺南2号断裂平面结构分析

统计数据见表 5。

Figure 7. Plane structures of Shunbei No. 5 and Shunnan No. 2 faults

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表 1 构造物理模拟实验中断裂带内断裂夹角数据统计结果

Table 1. Statistical results of angle data between adjacent faults in fault zone obtained in structural physical simulation experiment

统计项目	运行时间/s
统计项目	32	46	56	66	86	116
相邻断裂夹角/(°)	11.97	12.9	15.97	16.01	23.05	33.66
	15.60	20.73	7.08	6.29	4.08	23.24
	13.68	19.79	6.37	9.02	17.41	10.04
	16.87	11.11	16.73	16.73	26.04	23.10
		7.69	27.57	17.96	23.16	14.89
		17.43	21.22	28.77	28.87	5.02
			12.19	35.70	23.15	23.84
			26.99	28.31	28.54	36.90
			25.10	26.11	42.8	20.51
				7.42	18.61	16.09
				33.80	32.01	6.55
				31.43	9.42	2.41
					3.67	36.89
					31.73	37.83
					34.46	25.21
					28.49
标准差	1.86	4.74	7.65	10.09	10.45	11.48

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 NAYLOR等^[17]开展的构造物理模拟实验中相邻断裂夹角数据统计结果

Table 2. Statistical results of angle data between adjacent faults obtained in the physical simulation experiment conducted by NAYLOR et al.

位移量/ cm	相邻断裂夹角/(°)
8.9	1.21	0.77	0	1.75	0	2.72	1.94	6.84	6.89	5.46	0.75	1.32	2.49	2.88	0	2.32	3.33	3.79	1.76	11.62	9.28
13.3	3.08	5.54	14.62	10.27	12.02	3.95	4.65	10.17	14.26	4.84	2.7	8.91	1.75	5.91	5.27	2.11	2.93	4.94	0.68	2.61	11.21
19.5	0.4	20.51	25.48	13.94	13.99	17.79	15.9	20.83	21.87	18.08	20	20.79	24.87	1.13	1.25	7.53	22.27	18.87	22.23	27.87	12.99
27.2	10.09	18.77	8.39	18.86	25.73	18.83	24.69	22.9	18.61	16.18	15.97	10.04	16.02	5.69	11.69	10.79	30.34	14.83	21.97	31.44	14.83
36	9.48	21.08	9.38	20.95	20.4	20.89	7.39	28.06	17.09	27.12	20.69	8.31	22.32	28.01	16.05	8.39	18.75	22.41	23.09	19.02	26.29

位移量/ cm	相邻断裂夹角/(°)																				标准差
8.9	0.26	0	5.25	0	3.04	4.52															2.93
13.3	9.29	2.93	0	2.35	0	10.58	17.51	1.4	7.4	8.61	8.42	7.83	10.37	7.78	3.19	13.3	11.72	6.66	5.1	12.64	4.4
19.5	15.28	26.76	33.86	4.34	9.88	8.39	20.64	24.45	7.65	6.26	7.92	7.12	12.82	2.31	7.96	22.31	14.12				8.34
27.2	15.92	18.01	25.9	11.59	22.27	21.4	23.71	19.37	13.57	7.87	3.94	5.33	21.67	45.18	27.1	5.43	4.86				8.55
36	39.08	16.48	20.03	17.74	42.01	14.75	27.06	14	12.18	11.81	24.46	14.85	35.14	27.74	19.75	26.77	10.22	4.39	2.35	6.09	8.87

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 TCHALENKO^[18]开展的构造物理模拟实验中相邻断裂夹角数据统计结果

Table 3. Statistical results of angle data between adjacent faults obtained in the physical simulation experiment conducted by TCHALENKO

位移量/cm	相邻断裂夹角/(°)
2.1	1.14	8.64	15.74	3.65	0	1.83	4.14	1.19	1.69
2.8	17.88	17.19	13.78	33.57	21.16	6.82	2.19	22.94	7.09	4.77	13.91	13.06
3.5	16.57	19.93	22.98	1.47	37.77	10.3	35.08	23.46	16.15	23.14	13.94	14.71	20.67	6.19	5.52	18.59
4.9	22.21	24.78	18.91	3.25	9.25	17.19	0	32.37	10.35	36.21	15.98	26.78	32.04	8.45	9.89	12.33	22.11	25.25	6.29	19.64
7	3.04	9.62	12.95	16.52	17.61	31.31	23.91	20.74	19.94	11.86	19.75	10.89	37.1	44	33.23	42.58	23.55	22.47	16.18	6.84

位移量/cm	相邻断裂夹角/(°)																			标准差
2.1																				4.73
2.8																				8.47
3.5																				9.47
4.9	19.94	21.09	31.21	18.64																9.44
7	21.81	37.13	26.08	21.18	18.34	30.73	30.46	17.2	15.22	17.85	23.53	18.53	23.13	12.97	21.43	23.77	14.18	29.2		9.18

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表 4 走滑断裂演化阶段划分方案及其对应的相邻断裂夹角数据标准差值范围

Table 4. Scheme for dividing the evolution stages of strike slip faults and its corresponding standard deviation range of angle data between adjacent faults

项目	断裂演化阶段
项目	剪切单向破裂阶段	剪切雁列破裂阶段	剪切连通破裂阶段
标准差(S)范围	1＜S＜4	4≤S＜8	S≥8
断裂平面结构	断裂近平行展布，断裂平直	断裂雁列式排列，断裂端点走向弯曲，偏向走滑方向	多条断裂构成连通的主位移带，位移带两侧发育分支断裂

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表 5 实例验证中断裂标准差计算结果

Table 5. Calculation results of standard deviation of faults in case study

断裂名称	相邻断裂夹角/(°)																					标准差
顺北5号	11.75	1.8	2.64	11.83	13.2	25.92	27.45	10.53	9.08	11.59	15.61	5.53	7.39	14.23	19.4	9.56	0	9.8	4.75	8.38	7.91	6.84
顺南2号	3.79	28.4	18.34	2.05	23.71	1.09	24.85	2.58	9.54	2.09	13.09	7.24	40.9	23.66	48.7	18.76	28.89	28.93				13.68

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