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构造抬升区泥页岩脆性破裂泄压特征及对页岩油富集的影响——以延安地区延长组长73亚段为例

张凤奇 孙越 刘思瑶 李艳霞 孙建博 王凤琴 刘刚 陈红果

张凤奇, 孙越, 刘思瑶, 李艳霞, 孙建博, 王凤琴, 刘刚, 陈红果. 构造抬升区泥页岩脆性破裂泄压特征及对页岩油富集的影响——以延安地区延长组长73亚段为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2023, 45(5): 936-951. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202305936
引用本文: 张凤奇, 孙越, 刘思瑶, 李艳霞, 孙建博, 王凤琴, 刘刚, 陈红果. 构造抬升区泥页岩脆性破裂泄压特征及对页岩油富集的影响——以延安地区延长组长73亚段为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2023, 45(5): 936-951. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202305936
ZHANG Fengqi, SUN Yue, LIU Siyao, LI Yanxia, SUN Jianbo, WANG Fengqin, LIU Gang, CHEN Hongguo. Characteristics of pressure relief induced by shale brittle fracture in tectonic uplift area and its influence on shale oil enrichment: a case study of Chang 73 sub-member of Yanchang Formation in Yan'an area[J]. PETROLEUM GEOLOGY & EXPERIMENT, 2023, 45(5): 936-951. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202305936
Citation: ZHANG Fengqi, SUN Yue, LIU Siyao, LI Yanxia, SUN Jianbo, WANG Fengqin, LIU Gang, CHEN Hongguo. Characteristics of pressure relief induced by shale brittle fracture in tectonic uplift area and its influence on shale oil enrichment: a case study of Chang 73 sub-member of Yanchang Formation in Yan'an area[J]. PETROLEUM GEOLOGY & EXPERIMENT, 2023, 45(5): 936-951. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202305936

构造抬升区泥页岩脆性破裂泄压特征及对页岩油富集的影响——以延安地区延长组长73亚段为例

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202305936
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金 42172164

国家科技重大专项 2017ZX05039-001

西安石油大学创新与实践能力培养计划 YCS22214209

详细信息
    作者简介:

    张凤奇(1981—), 男, 博士, 教授, 本刊青年编委, 从事油气形成机制与油气成藏动力学研究。E-mail: zhangfq@xsyu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TE122.3

Characteristics of pressure relief induced by shale brittle fracture in tectonic uplift area and its influence on shale oil enrichment: a case study of Chang 73 sub-member of Yanchang Formation in Yan'an area

  • 摘要: 为深入认识大幅度构造抬升引起的泥页岩脆性破裂泄压特征及对页岩油富集的影响,以鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区延长组长73亚段为研究对象,运用改进的超压判识图版和数值模拟技术,综合考虑构造抬升过程中温度降低、孔隙回弹、超压泥页岩脆性破裂泄压等作用,定量分析了研究区目的层不同岩性地层由异常高压转变为异常低压或近常压的演化过程,进一步总结了其对页岩油富集的影响规律。研究区长73亚段早白垩世末期超压成因主要为生烃作用和欠压实作用,砂岩层超压主要来源于邻近烃源岩的超压传递;晚白垩世以来构造抬升引起的孔隙回弹和温度降低主导了研究区长73亚段砂岩异常低压的形成,脆性破裂泄压和温度降低使得长73亚段泥页岩形成弱超压或近常压。研究区长73亚段顶底两套富有机质泥页岩脆性破裂泄压时间不同步,使得顶、底2套富有机质泥页岩与其夹持的砂岩间具有较大的油气运移动力(源储过剩压力差),其大小为16~22 MPa;同时,油气保存过程中裂缝已闭合的顶部泥页岩封盖层仍与其下覆砂岩保持着约1.42~6.80 MPa的过剩压力差,一定程度上加强了页岩层系油气的封闭能力,不同源储配置下地层压力的差异演化对页岩油的富集起到了重要控制作用。

     

  • 图  1  鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区构造位置(a)及研究井位分布(b)

    Figure  1.  Tectonic location of Yan'an area in Ordos Basin (a) and well location distribution (b)

    图  2  鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区岩性柱状图

    Figure  2.  Histogram of lithology in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin

    图  3  鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区延长组长73亚段岩性组合类型

    Figure  3.  Types of lithologic assemblages of Chang 73 submember of Yanchang Formation in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin

    图  4  鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区古热流随时间演化图修改自参考文献[48]。

    Figure  4.  Evolution of heat flow over time in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin

    图  5  鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区储层压力系数与深度关系

    Figure  5.  Reservoir pressure coefficient versus depth in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin

    图  6  鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区代表井泥岩压实特征

    Figure  6.  Mudstone compaction characteristics of representative well in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin

    图  7  鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区单井泥岩声波速度—密度交会图

    Figure  7.  Acoustic velocity-density cross plots of mudstone from a single well in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin

    图  8  碳质泥岩校正声波速度—密度交会图版

    Figure  8.  Corrected acoustic velocity-density cross plots of carbonaceous mudstone

    图  9  鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区YY22井埋藏史和热史模拟结果实测TOC和实测Ro来自于参考文献[65]。

    Figure  9.  Simulation results of burial history and thermal history of well YY22 in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin

    图  10  鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区YY22井长73亚段早白垩世末期之前的地层压力演化史

    a.顶部富有机质泥页岩;b.底部富有机质泥页岩。

    Figure  10.  Formation pressure evolution of Chang 73 sub-member of well YY22 before the end of Early Cretaceous in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin

    图  11  鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区长73亚段泥页岩TOC与OCR门限时间关系

    Figure  11.  Plots of TOC versus OCR threshold time of mud shale in Chang 73 sub-member in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin

    图  12  鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区代表井长73亚段富有机质泥页岩晚白垩世以来的地层压力演化

    a.YY1井顶部富有机质泥页岩;b.YY1井底部富有机质泥页岩;c.YY22井顶部富有机质泥页岩;d.YY22井底部富有机质泥页岩;e.YS2井顶部富有机质泥页岩;f.YS2井底部富有机质泥页岩。

    Figure  12.  Formation pressure evolution of organic-rich shale in Chang 73 sub-member of representative well in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin since Late Cretaceous

    图  13  鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区代表井(YY22)长73亚段砂岩地层压力演化示意

    Figure  13.  Schematic diagram of formation pressure evolution of sandstone in Chang 73 sub-member of representative well (well YY22) in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin

    图  14  鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区长73亚段页岩油富集模式

    Figure  14.  Map of shale oil enrichment pattern of Chang 73 sub-member in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin

    表  1  鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区代表井地层剥蚀量

    Table  1.   Erosion thickness in representative well in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin

    井名 不同时期剥蚀厚度/m
    晚三叠世末期 早侏罗世末 晚侏罗世末 早白垩世末
    YY1 60 160 220 1 150
    YY22 100 135 220 1 100
    YS2 155 140 200 900
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区代表井长73亚段模拟参数及其地层压力模拟结果

    Table  2.   Simulation parameters of Chang 73 sub-member of representative well and its pressure simulation results in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin

    井名 岩层 ω(TOC)/% 有机质类型 岩性厚度/m 最大埋深时期生烃增压/MPa 最大埋深时期欠压实增压/MPa
    YY1 顶部泥页岩 8.49 1 13.8 21.48 1.52
    底部泥页岩 3.26 1 27.3 11.45 1.49
    YY22 顶部泥页岩 4.90 1 26.0 14.63 2.53
    底部泥页岩 4.70 1 8.0 7.94 2.46
    YS2 顶部泥页岩 3.59 1 11.0 13.78 2.56
    底部泥页岩 3.97 1 20.0 16.07 1.95
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区长73亚段不同岩性孔隙回弹和温度降低引起的降压量

    Table  3.   Pressure reduction due to elastic rebound and temperature reduction in Chang 73 sub-member in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin

    井名 岩层 温度变化量/℃ 温度降低引起的降压量/MPa 抬升量/m 孔隙回弹引起的降压量/MPa 计算压力系数
    YY1 顶部泥页岩 88.11 4.37 1 150 1.68
    底部泥页岩 89.78 4.45 1 150 1.86
    YY22 顶部泥页岩 86.00 4.26 1 100 2.75
    砂岩层 86.15 12.31 1 100 10.60 0.15
    底部泥页岩 86.63 4.29 1 100 1.65
    YS2 顶部泥页岩 86.73 4.30 900 1.80
    砂岩层 86.85 12.41 900 8.67 0.32
    底部泥页岩 88.20 4.37 900 1.59
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区长73亚段富有机质泥页岩OCR门限时间及脆性破裂泄压量计算结果

    Table  4.   Calculation results of OCR threshold time and brittle rupture pressure relief of organic-rich shale in Chang 73 sub-member in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin

    井名 岩层 ω(TOC)/% 抬升量/m 温度降低引起的降压量/MPa 最大埋深时期古压力/MPa OCR门限值时间/Ma 脆性破裂泄压量/MPa
    YY1 顶部泥页岩 8.49 1 150 4.37 47.34 76.50 25.24
    底部泥页岩 3.26 1 150 4.45 37.55 51.74 17.08
    YY22 顶部泥页岩 4.90 1 100 4.26 41.04 62.51 20.32
    底部泥页岩 4.70 1 100 4.29 34.44 45.16 14.82
    YS2 顶部泥页岩 3.59 900 4.30 40.87 33.49 20.06
    底部泥页岩 3.97 900 4.37 42.81 38.49 21.19
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-07-21
  • 修回日期:  2023-08-25
  • 刊出日期:  2023-09-28

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