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柴西南区岩性油气藏地质特征及控制因素

吴颜雄 薛建勤 施奇 杨芸 刘君林 马凤春 李翔 王艳清

吴颜雄, 薛建勤, 施奇, 杨芸, 刘君林, 马凤春, 李翔, 王艳清. 柴西南区岩性油气藏地质特征及控制因素[J]. 石油实验地质, 2024, 46(1): 22-31. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202401022
引用本文: 吴颜雄, 薛建勤, 施奇, 杨芸, 刘君林, 马凤春, 李翔, 王艳清. 柴西南区岩性油气藏地质特征及控制因素[J]. 石油实验地质, 2024, 46(1): 22-31. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202401022
WU Yanxiong, XUE Jianqin, SHI Qi, YANG Yun, LIU Junlin, MA Fengchun, LI Xiang, WANG Yanqing. Geological characteristics and controlling factors of lithologic reservoirs in southwestern Qaidam Basin[J]. PETROLEUM GEOLOGY & EXPERIMENT, 2024, 46(1): 22-31. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202401022
Citation: WU Yanxiong, XUE Jianqin, SHI Qi, YANG Yun, LIU Junlin, MA Fengchun, LI Xiang, WANG Yanqing. Geological characteristics and controlling factors of lithologic reservoirs in southwestern Qaidam Basin[J]. PETROLEUM GEOLOGY & EXPERIMENT, 2024, 46(1): 22-31. doi: 10.11781/sysydz202401022

柴西南区岩性油气藏地质特征及控制因素

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202401022
基金项目: 

国家科技重大专项 2016ZX05046-006

中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项 2016E-01

详细信息
    作者简介:

    吴颜雄(1982-), 男, 正高级工程师, 从事油气地质勘探综合研究工作。E-mail: wyxqhyjy@petrochina.com.cn

  • 中图分类号: TE122.3

Geological characteristics and controlling factors of lithologic reservoirs in southwestern Qaidam Basin

  • 摘要: 近年来,柴达木盆地在咸化湖相滩坝砂中发现了多个“小而肥”的岩性油气藏。为了拓展岩性油气勘探规模、发现新的目标及区带,支撑油田规模增储上产,利用岩心、测井和地震资料,开展岩性油气藏成藏条件综合分析。通过解剖已发现岩性油气藏特征,明确控制因素,指出了岩性油气藏勘探接替领域。结果表明,柴西南区具备形成岩性油气藏的四大有利条件:一是发育继承性的七个泉—红柳泉、砂西—跃进、扎哈泉—乌南三大稳定的古斜坡,利于油气聚集成藏;二是临近红狮和扎哈泉两个生烃中心,油源条件优越;三是咸化湖盆发育大型辫状河三角洲、广覆式分布的滨浅湖滩坝砂及藻席—灰云坪沉积,形成碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩两种互补型的储集体;四是发育多种疏导体系,纵向上可以形成多套含油层系。受古构造、沉积、成岩等多因素控制,柴西南区发育砂岩上倾尖灭型、砂岩透镜体型、物性封堵型和白云石化成岩圈闭四种类型岩性油气藏。岩性油气藏受古构造、优质源岩和有效储层三因素控制。古构造决定岩性圈闭的类型和油气运移方向;优质烃源岩控制岩性油气藏的分布及规模;有效储层控制岩性油气藏的富集。综合评价指出,辫状河三角洲前缘砂体是古近系下干柴沟组下段岩性勘探的有利区,主要分布在砂西、尕斯、乌南向盆内的倾末端;白云石化成岩圈闭是古近系下干柴沟组上段岩性勘探的有利区,主要分布在环红狮凹陷周缘;广覆式分布滩坝是新近系上干柴沟组、下油砂山组岩性油气藏勘探的有利区,主要分布在英雄岭、尕斯、扎哈泉、乌南等地区。这一认识支撑了切探2井、尕斯新层系等岩性勘探获得一系列重大突破,可为柴西南区岩性油气藏的下一步勘探提供指导。

     

  • 图  1  柴西南区地理位置(a)及其新生界地层综合柱状图(b)

    Figure  1.  Geographical location map (a) and composite bar chart (b) of southwestern Qaidam Basin

    图  2  柴西地区古近系烃源岩总有机碳含量分布

    Figure  2.  Total organic carbon content distribution of Paleogene source rocks in western Qaidam Basin

    图  3  咸化湖相烃源岩生烃模式

    据参考文献[25]修改。

    Figure  3.  Hydrocarbon generation model of saline lacustrine source rocks

    图  4  柴西地区早上新世(N21)时期下渐新统(E31)古构造

    Figure  4.  Paleostructures of Lower Oligocene in western Qaidam Basin during early Pliocene

    图  5  柴西地区各层段沉积相平面分布

    Figure  5.  Plane distribution of sedimentary facies of each layer in western Qaidam Basin

    图  6  水槽实验模拟不同盐度条件陆源碎屑搬运距离

    Figure  6.  Flume experiment simulating terrigenous debris transport distance under different salinity conditions

    图  7  柴西南区岩性油气藏储层储集空间类型

    a.七6-5井,2 449.04 m,E31,辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道,粉砂岩,粒间孔和溶蚀孔,铸体薄片;b.七102井,2 464.16 m,E31,辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道,细砂岩,粒间孔和溶蚀孔,铸体薄片;c.扎401井,3 274.43 m,N1,滨浅湖滩坝,中细砂岩,粒间孔和溶蚀孔发育,铸体薄片;d.扎平1井,3 136.2 m,N1,滨浅湖滩坝,细砂岩,粒间孔和溶蚀孔,铸体薄片;e.七34井,E31,3 136.61 m,辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道,细砂岩,粒间孔和溶蚀孔,铸体薄片;f.扎2井,3 236.2 m,N1,滨浅湖滩坝,细砂岩,粒间孔和溶蚀孔,扫描电镜;g.跃新4-6井,3 380.40 m,E32,滨浅湖,藻灰云岩,溶蚀孔隙,铸体薄片;h.狮41-6-1井,E32,3 857.9 m,浅湖,泥晶灰云岩,晶间孔和溶蚀孔,铸体薄片;i.狮41-2井,4 080 m,E32,白云石晶间孔,扫描电镜。

    Figure  7.  Effective reservoir types of lithologic reservoirs in southwestern Qaidam Basin

    图  8  柴西南区岩性圈闭类型

    a.砂体上倾尖灭型:水下分流河道砂体沿物源或某一方向发生尖灭,前端为泥质沉积,后期构造抬升,形成上倾尖灭;b.砂岩透镜体:滨浅湖滩坝砂,周围被泥岩所包围,形成透镜体;c.物性封堵型:横向稳定的砂体后期受原始沉积和后期成岩作用影响,造成物性差异,形成物性封堵;d.白云石化成岩圈闭:碳酸盐岩的白云石化程度差异较大,白云石化强,孔隙发育,物性好,相反周围物性差,形成成岩圈闭。

    Figure  8.  Types of lithologic traps in southwestern Qaidam Basin

    图  9  柴西南区岩性圈闭及岩性油气藏分布模式

    Figure  9.  Distribution patterns of lithologic traps and reservoirs in southwestern Qaidam Basin

    图  10  柴西地区七个泉下渐新统岩性油气藏接力式分布模式

    Figure  10.  Relaying distribution pattern of lithologic reservoirs in Lower Oligocene, Qigequan area, western Qaidam Basin

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-06-20
  • 修回日期:  2023-12-05
  • 刊出日期:  2024-01-28

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