塔河油田盐下地区原油地球化学特征及不同期次油气成藏贡献

徐勤琪; 储呈林; 郭小文; 刘永立; 张黎; 罗明霞

doi:10.11781/sysydz202401111

塔河油田盐下地区原油地球化学特征及不同期次油气成藏贡献

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202401111

1.
中国石化西北油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 乌鲁木齐 830011
2.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126
3.
中国地质大学(武汉) 资源学院, 武汉 430074

基金项目:

中国石化科技部项目“塔北奥陶系油气富集规律与增储目标评价” P21048-3

详细信息

作者简介:
徐勤琪(1985-), 男, 副研究员, 从事石油地质、油气成藏研究。E-mail: xuqq.xbsj@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE122.11
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-27
- 修回日期: 2024-01-03
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-28

Geochemical characteristics of crude oil and contributions to hydrocarbon accumulation in multiple stages in Tahe subsalt area

1.
Research Institute of Exploration and Production, SINOPEC Northwest Oilfield Branch Company, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
2.
Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
3.
Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 对于多旋回叠合盆地，油气藏形成的过程往往伴随着多期次的原油充注，但并非每一期原油充注都对现今油藏形成起到关键作用。流体包裹体方法只能对原油充注期次和时间进行限定，而无法确定各期充注原油对油藏的贡献。针对上述问题，以塔河油田盐下地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏为例，采用原油地球化学、流体包裹体法、荧光光谱和单井模拟分析方法，系统揭示了研究区原油的荧光特征、油气成藏期次和成藏时间。原油生物标志化合物参数分析结果表明，其母质相同且沉积于海相弱还原环境，再通过与研究区烃源岩进行油源对比，确定了原油均来自下寒武统玉尔吐斯组烃源岩。原油芳烃中甲基菲指数和二苯并噻吩参数是定量评价原油成熟度的有效指标，计算得到塔河油田盐下地区原油成熟度(R_o)在0.90%~1.47%之间，可能对应了多期油气充注。此外，在对盐下地区奥陶系储层油包裹体荧光光谱分析、共生盐水包裹体测温和测盐的基础上，结合单井埋藏史和热史模拟，确定盐下地区存在加里东中期(420 Ma)、海西中期(318 Ma)和喜马拉雅晚期(10 Ma)3期原油充注。对比原油和3期油包裹体荧光光谱参数，认为喜马拉雅晚期是盐下地区的主成藏期，为盐下地区的奥陶系油藏贡献了最多的原油。
- 油包裹体 /
- 荧光光谱 /
- 成熟度 /
- 油气成藏 /
- 地球化学特征 /
- 原油 /
- 塔里木盆地
Abstract: The process of hydrocarbon accumulation in polycyclic superimposed basins often involves multistage crude oil charging, but not every stage of crude oil charging plays a significant role in the current hydrocarbon accumulation. Fluid inclusion methods can only provide constraints on the stages and time of crude oil charging, but cannot determine the contribution of each stage of crude oil charging for hydrocarbon accumulation. To study the contributions of different stages of crude oil charging for the reservoirs, the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the subsalt area, Tahe oilfield (Tahe subsalt area) were taken as an example. This study employed crude oil geochemistry, fluid inclusion analysis, fluorescence spectrum, and single well simulation analysis methods to systematically reveal the fluorescence characteristics of crude oil and hydrocarbon accumulation stages and time of the study area. The analysis of crude oil biomarker parameters indicates that the crude oil has the same parent material and was deposited in a marine weak reducing environment. By comparing the crude oil with the study area's source rocks, it was determined that all the crude oil was derived from the source rocks of the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation. The aromatic methylphenanthrene index and methyldibenzothiophene parameters of crude oil serve as effective indicators for the quantitative evaluation of crude oil maturity. The calculated crude oil maturity (R_o) in the Tahe subsalt area ranges from 0.90% to 1.47%, and this may correspond to multiple stages of oil and gas charging. Based on fluorescence spectrum analysis of oil inclusions and homogeneity temperature and salinity measurements of associated saline inclusions in the Ordovician reservoirs in the Tahe subsalt area and the study area's burial history of single well burial history and thermal history simulation, it was determined that the oil reservoirs in the Tahe subsalt area experienced three stages of crude oil charging during the stages of middle Caledonian (420 Ma), middle Hercynian (318 Ma) and late Himalayan (10 Ma). By comparing the fluorescence spectrum parameters of crude oil and oil inclusions in these three stages, it is concluded that the late Himalayan is the primary stage of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tahe subsalt area, making the largest contribution for the Ordovician reservoirs in the Tahe subsalt area.
- oil inclusion /
- fluorescence spectrum /
- maturity /
- hydrocarbon accumulation /
- geochemical characte-ristics /
- crude oil /
- Tarim Basin
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

1) 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

2) 徐勤琪、刘永立参与实验设计；郭小文、储呈林、罗明霞完成实验操作；徐勤琪、郭小文、张黎参与论文写作和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

2) 作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

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图 1 塔河油田盐下地区取样井分布

Figure 1. Locations of sampling wells in Tahe subsalt area

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图 2 塔河油田盐下地区原油饱和烃色谱—质谱图

Figure 2. Chromatography-mass spectra of saturated hydrocarbon of crude oil from Tahe subsalt area

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图 3 塔河油田盐下地区原油地球化学特征

LT1井数据引自文献[47]。

Figure 3. Geochemical features of crude oil from Tahe subsalt area

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图 4 塔河油田盐下地区原油芳烃参数特征

Figure 4. Cross plots of aromatic hydrocarbon parameters in Tahe subsalt area

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图 5 塔河油田盐下地区原油和油包裹体荧光光谱参数相关图

Figure 5. Fluorescence spectrum parameters of crude oil and oil inclusions in Tahe subsalt area

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图 6 塔河油田盐下地区方解石脉中典型油包裹体照片

a.AT25井，O₂yj，6 524.70 m，方解石脉中孤立分布的原生油包裹体，椭圆形，透射光；b.a的荧光照片，油包裹体发浅黄色荧光；c.S118井，O₂yj，5 952.00 m，裂缝方解石脉体中的次生油包裹体，椭圆形，透射光；d.c的荧光照片，油包裹体发黄色荧光；e.AT25井，O₂yj，6 524.70 m，巨晶方解石脉体中的两相次生油包裹体，椭圆形，透射光；f.e的荧光照片，油包裹体发蓝色荧光；g.S118井，O₂yj，5 920.00 m，方解石脉体中串珠状分布的次生油包裹体，透射光；h.g的荧光照片，油包裹体发蓝色荧光；i.AT5井，O₂yj，6 524.70 m，方解石脉体中的原生油包裹体，油包裹体整体透明，透射光；j.i的荧光照片，油包裹体发蓝色荧光；k.AT5井，O₂yj，6 524.70 m，方解石脉体中的次生凝析气包裹体，包裹体的气泡体积较大，整体透明，透射光；l.k的荧光照片，凝析气包裹体发蓝色荧光。

Figure 6. Photographs of typical oil inclusions in calcite veins in Tahe subsalt area

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图 7 塔河油田盐下地区重点井盐水包裹体均一温度分布直方图及均一温度—盐度关系

Figure 7. Distribution of homogenization temperature and relationship between homogenization temperature and salinity for aqueous inclusions associated with oil inclusions developed in carbonatite samples from typical wells of Tahe subsalt area

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图 8 塔河油田盐下地区TS1井单井模拟及流体包裹体均一温度—埋藏史投影示意

Figure 8. Single well simulation of well TS1 and burial curves projected with homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in Tahe subsalt area

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表 1 塔河油田盐下地区原油部分生物标志化合物参数

Table 1. Part of biomarker parameters of crude oil from Tahe subsalt area

井号	层位	深度/m	类型	ETR	(C₁₉+C₂₀TT)/(C₂₃+C₂₄TT)	C₂₄TeT/(C₂₆TT+C₂₄TeT)	C₁₉TT/C₂₃TT	Pr/Ph	Ph/nC₁₈	Pr/nC₁₇	C₂₇20R/%	C₂₈20R/%	C₂₉20R/%
AT31	O₂yj	5 748~5 890	中质油	0.74	0.70	0.30	0.17	0.58	0.46	0.26	25.40	25.66	48.94
T913	O₂yj	5 970~6 050	轻质油	0.80	0.43	0.30	0.17	1.68	0.09	0.16	20.95	26.87	52.18
AT40	O₂yj	7 106~7 257	凝析油	0.75	0.27	0.32	0.20	0.40	0.71	0.23	35.69	26.68	37.63
AT17	O₂yj	6 375~6 440	轻质油	0.90	0.94	0.34	0.48	0.58	0.18	0.09	23.20	34.90	41.90
AT5	O₂yj	6 555~6 595	凝析油	0.69	0.54	0.36	0.35	0.61	0.34	0.17	24.49	32.13	43.38
S47	O_1-2y	5 346~5 369	重质油	0.71	0.53	0.35	0.21	0.77	0.27	0.20	17.96	29.24	52.80
T903	T₂a	4 612~4 615	中质油	0.70	0.80	0.30	0.17	0.52	0.40	0.17	19.92	30.77	49.31
AT27X	O₂yj	6 867~6 996	轻质油	0.79	0.31	0.31	0.29	0.45	0.43	0.18	39.47	22.43	38.10
TK494	O_1-2y	5 419~5 499	重质油	0.80	0.44	0.28	0.37	0.58	0.28	0.15	38.71	20.67	40.62
TK915	O₂yj	5 545~5 760	轻质油	0.73	0.24	0.33	0.24	0.24	0.62	0.15	42.48	22.51	35.01
TK915-12	O₂yj	5 913~6 110	轻质油	0.78	0.43	0.31	0.18	0.45	0.31	0.12	38.19	18.02	43.78
AT37	O₂yj	6 071~6 170	轻质油	0.63	0.93	0.26	0.32	0.35	0.27	0.09	32.24	31.58	36.17
TK915-2	O₂yj	5 926~6 007	轻质油	0.73	0.59	0.29	0.17	0.34	0.52	0.13	26.60	14.26	59.14
AT21X	O₂yj	6 408~6 460	轻质油	0.76	0.58	0.30	0.19	0.33	0.55	0.13	23.02	19.44	57.54
AT16	O₂yj	6 553~6 647	轻质油	0.74	0.60	0.31	0.15	0.35	0.19	0.07	30.78	19.65	49.57
AT18	O₂yj	6 574~6 612	轻质油	0.79	0.43	0.47	0.47	0.35	0.19	0.06	27.75	17.23	55.02
AT20	O₂yj	6 100~6 130	轻质油	0.81	0.85	0.42	0.42	0.27	0.40	0.08	35.17	15.54	49.30
AT22	O₂yj	6 271~6 404	轻质油	0.80	0.59	0.46	0.54	0.38	0.62	0.17	29.32	15.36	55.32
AT24X	O₂yj	6 060~6 175	轻质油	0.63	0.93	0.42	0.29	0.52	0.47	0.21	24.05	16.33	59.63
AT11	T₂a	4 167~4 167	轻质油	0.81	0.26	0.41	0.11	0.54	0.37	0.18	27.21	13.17	59.62

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表 2 塔河油田盐下地区原油芳烃成熟度参数

Table 2. Aromatic geochemical parameters of crude oil from Tahe subsalt area

井名	层位	深度/m	MPI-1	MPI-2	TMNR	TeMNR	4-MDBT/1-MDBT	MDBI	K_{2, 4}	K_{4, 6}	TNR-1	TNR-2	F₁	F₂
AT31	O₂yj	5 748~5 890	0.78	0.92	0.73	0.77	5.76	0.66	1.25	2.72	0.83	0.72	0.41	0.26
T913	O₂yj	5 970~6 050	0.56	0.61	0.93	0.95	25.17	0.79	2.01	5.67	1.28	0.82	0.53	0.30
AT40	O₂yj	7 106~7 257	1.32	1.50	0.80	0.83	35.24	0.72	3.64	8.19	1.36	0.92	0.54	0.31
AT17	O₂yj	6 375~6 440	0.73	0.86	0.75	0.81	9.45	0.59	2.21	4.98	0.85	0.74	0.56	0.30
AT5	O₂yj	6 555~6 595	1.09	1.27	0.83	0.89	3.15	0.55	2.21	4.98	1.28	0.82	0.51	0.29
S47	O_1-2y	5 346~5 369	0.94	1.07	0.79	0.88	9.52	0.65	1.52	3.33	1.25	0.85	0.35	0.19
T903	T₂a	4 612~4 615	0.60	0.69	0.67	0.74	4.97	0.54	1.03	2.61	0.82	0.70	0.37	0.22
AT27X	O₂yj	6 867~6 996	0.83	0.98	0.68	0.74	6.70	0.65	1.48	3.82	0.92	0.74	0.45	0.25
TK494	O_1-2y	5 419~5 499	0.46	0.50	0.59	0.67	2.71	0.43	1.01	2.34	0.56	0.57	0.32	0.18
TK915	O₂yj	5 545~5 760	1.25	1.47	0.95	0.96	39.77	0.61	2.84	7.27	1.49	1.09	0.67	0.35
TK915-12	O₂yj	5 913~6 110	0.82	0.98	0.61	0.64	8.75	0.59	1.61	4.06	1.01	0.78	0.46	0.28
AT37	O₂yj	6 071~6 170	0.74	0.88	0.81	0.82	3.15	0.55	1.39	3.32	0.91	0.76	0.44	0.26
TK915-2	O₂yj	5 926~6 007	0.60	0.68	0.68	0.71	17.58	0.73	1.08	2.53	0.68	0.66	0.47	0.27
AT21X	O₂yj	6 408~6 460	0.61	0.70	0.68	0.70	3.68	0.46	1.79	4.77	0.66	0.64	0.37	0.20
AT16	O₂yj	6 553~6 647	0.79	0.92	0.79	0.85	3.13	0.55	2.15	5.53	0.85	0.74	0.46	0.26
AT18	O₂yj	6 574~6 612	0.71	0.81	0.82	0.87	12.56	0.69	1.14	2.79	0.86	0.74	0.45	0.25
AT20	O₂yj	6 100~6 130	0.77	0.87	0.82	0.88	6.70	0.65	2.25	5.74	0.91	0.76	0.55	0.30
AT22	O₂yj	6 271~6 404	0.71	0.82	0.66	0.81	35.24	0.72	1.48	3.90	0.98	0.72	0.42	0.24
AT24X	O₂yj	6 060~6 175	0.64	0.73	0.67	0.79	3.15	0.55	1.39	3.54	0.75	0.66	0.40	0.23
AT11	T₂a	4 167~4 167	0.91	1.00	0.64	0.64	6.33	0.56	1.09	2.80	1.36	0.92	0.48	0.26

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