四川盆地茅口组一段缝洞充填物特征及成因——以A1井为例

孟宪武; 尤东华; 李蓉; 宋晓波; 张力钰; 朱兰

doi:10.11781/sysydz202403483

四川盆地茅口组一段缝洞充填物特征及成因——以A1井为例

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202403483

1.
中国石化西南油气分公司勘探开发研究院, 成都 610041
2.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 U19B6003

中国石化西南油气分公司科技攻关项目 KJ-632-2102

详细信息

作者简介:
孟宪武(1978—)，男，硕士，高级工程师，从事海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探工作。E-mail：mengxianwu.xnyq@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE122.221
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-31
- 修回日期: 2024-04-10
- 刊出日期: 2024-05-28

Characteristics and genesis of fillings in fracture-cavity space in first member of Permian Maokou Formation, Sichuan Basin: a case study of well A1

1.
Research Institute of Exploration and Development, SINOPEC Southwest Oil and Gas Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
2.
Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China

摘要

摘要: 近年来，四川盆地二叠系茅口组一段不断取得天然气发现，其泥灰岩的储集空间成因机制已成为关注的问题之一。厘米级缝洞型储集空间是茅口组一段新发现的储集空间类型之一，相关研究尚未公开报道。以四川盆地A1井为例，在岩心观察描述基础上，通过显微岩石学、碳氧同位素、锶同位素与微量元素的对比分析，研究了缝洞充填物特征及成因。茅口组一段缝洞中方解石胶结物与泥灰岩基质具有相似的碳氧同位素与锶同位素分布特征，表明方解石主要来源于围岩的溶解再沉淀；与泥灰岩相比，缝洞方解石胶结物的变价元素(V、Cr、U、Mo)、稀土元素(REE)含量降低，而微营养元素(Ni、Cu、Zn)含量升高，揭示了在此过程中微量元素的差异性迁移规律；方解石与泥灰岩基质的Mn与Sr含量的差异性变化特征揭示了成岩流体的海水亲缘属性，进一步表明其与大气淡水、深部热液流体无关。晚侏罗世以来的侧向构造推覆挤压力，形成了川东南地区滑脱断层及相关褶皱体系，在此过程中可能导致了茅口组泥灰岩变形并产生了厘米级裂缝空间。泥灰岩在后续压实—压溶作用(包括侧向压溶)等形成的成岩流体为缝洞石英和方解石胶结物提供了物质来源。
- 成岩作用 /
- 黏土矿物 /
- 泥灰岩 /
- 茅口组 /
- 二叠系 /
- 四川盆地
Abstract: In recent years, natural gas discoveries have been continuously made in the first member of the Permian Maokou Formation in the Sichuan Basin, bringing attention to the genesis mechanism of marlstone reservoir space. Centimeter-scale fracture-cavity type reservoir space is one of the newly discovered types in the first member of the Maokou Formation, and relevant research has not been publicly reported. Taking well A1 in the Sichuan Basin as an example, based on core observation and description, the characteristics and genesis of fracture-cavity fillings were studied through comparative analysis of microscopic petrology, carbon-oxygen isotopes, strontium isotopes, and trace elements. The similar distribution characteristics of carbon-oxygen isotopes and strontium isotopes between calcite cement and mudstone matrix in the fractures of the first member of the Maokou Formation indicated that calcite mainly came from the dissolution and redeposition of surrounding rocks. Compared with marlstone, the fracture calcite cement showed lower contents of valence elements (V, Cr, U, Mo) and rare earth elements (REE), while the content of micronutrient elements (Ni, Cu, Zn) increased, revealing the differential migration pattern of trace elements in this process. The differential variation characteristics of Mn and Sr contents between calcite and marl matrix revealed the marine affinity of diagenetic fluids, further indicating their independence from atmospheric freshwater and deep hydrothermal fluids. Since the Late Jurassic, lateral tectonic thrusting pressure has formed detachment faults and related fold systems in southeastern Sichuan, which potentially caused deformation of the Maokou Formation marlstone and the generation of centimeter-scale fracture spaces. Diagenetic fluids formed during subsequent compaction-dissolution processes (including lateral dissolution) provided material sources for quartz and calcite cement in the fractures.
- diagenesis /
- clay mineral /
- marlstone /
- Maokou Formation /
- Permian /
- Sichuan Basin
注释:

1) 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

1) All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.

1) 利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

2) The study was designed by ZHANG Liyu. The experimental operation was completed by ZHU Lan. The manuscript was drafted and revised by MENG Xianwu, YOU Donghua, LI Rong and SONG Xiaobo. All authors have read the last version of the paper and consented to its submission.

2) 张力钰参与实验设计；朱兰完成实验操作；孟宪武、尤东华、李蓉、宋晓波参与论文写作和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

2) 作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

HTML全文

图 1 四川盆地A1井所处区域构造位置(a)、过A1、B1井现今地质结构剖面(b)与茅口组一段地层柱状图及取样位置(c)

Figure 1. Tectonic location of well A1 in Sichuan Basin (a), cross-section of present geological structure of wells A1 and B1 (b), and stratigraphic histogram in first member of Maokou Formation and sample position (c)

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图 2 四川盆地A1井茅口组一段缝洞充填物特征

a.近似顺层的非连续薄弱面(黄色箭头)被方解石充填，泥质灰岩，2 860.24 m；b.顺层侧向挤压形成的变形特征且被方解石胶结物全充填(黄色虚线区域)，泥质灰岩，2 860.24 m；c.垂直层面压溶缝合线与缝洞石英—方解石半充填，泥灰岩，2 839.00 m；d-e.缝洞空间发育粒状石英与巨晶方解石胶结物，泥灰岩基质部分富含有机质(暗色部分)，2 835.85 m。

Figure 2. Characteristics of fillings in fracture-cavity space in first member of Maokou Formation in well A1, Sichuan Basin

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图 3 四川盆地A1井茅口组一段泥灰岩全岩与缝洞方解石胶结物的碳氧同位素、锶同位素对比

Figure 3. Comparison of carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotopes between whole rock and fracture-cavity calcite cement in first member of Maokou Formation in well A1, Sichuan Basin

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图 4 四川盆地A1井茅口组一段泥灰岩与缝洞方解石胶结物稀土元素配分特征

Figure 4. Characteristics of rare earth element partitioning of marlstone and fracture-cavity calcite cement in first member of Maokou Formation in well A1, Sichuan Basin

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图 5 四川盆地A1井茅口组一段泥灰岩与缝洞方解石胶结物微量元素(V、Cr、Mo、∑REE、U、Ni、Cu、Zn)分布特征

Figure 5. Distribution characteristics of trace elements (V, Cr, Mo, ∑REE, U, Ni, Cu, and Zn) in marlstone and fracture-cavity calcite cements in first member of Maokou Formation in well A1, Sichuan Basin

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图 6 四川盆地A1井茅口组埋藏史—热演化史与石英胶结物流体包裹体均一温度直方图

Figure 6. Burial and thermal evolution histories of Maokou Formation and histogram of homogenization temperature of quartz cemented fluid inclusion of well A1, Sichuan Basin

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图 7 四川盆地A1井茅口组泥灰岩厘米级缝洞储集空间与充填物形成模式

a.泥灰岩中发育非平面的初始薄弱面；b.侧向挤压作用下泥灰岩沿初始薄弱面形成裂缝空间；c.侧向压溶与垂向压实压溶共同作用下为裂缝空间胶结物的形成提供物质来源。

Figure 7. Formation model of centimeter-level fracture-cavity reservoir space and fillings in Maokou Formation of well A1, Sichuan Basin

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表 1 四川盆地A1井茅口组一段泥灰岩基质与缝洞方解石碳氧同位素与锶同位素分析结果

Table 1. Results of carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotope analysis of marlstone matrix and fracture-cavity calcite cement in first member of Maokou Formation in well A1, Sichuan Basin

序号	样品号	深度/m	分析对象	δ¹³C_V-PDB/‰	δ¹⁸O_V-PDB/‰	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	1倍标准误差(1σ)
1	A1-40-M	2 839.00	泥灰岩	4.24	-6.06	0.707 043	0.000 005
2	A1-40-C	2 839.00	缝洞方解石	3.03	-6.54	0.707 066	0.000 004
3	A1V-M	2 835.85	泥灰岩	2.70	-6.94	0.707 050	0.000 005
4	A1V-Cal1	2 835.85	缝洞方解石	2.83	-6.35	0.707 150	0.000 004
5	A1-45-M	2 834.20	泥灰岩	3.16	-6.93	0.707 056	0.000 004
6	A1-45-C	2 834.20	缝洞方解石	4.56	-6.15	0.707 186	0.000 004
7	A1V2-M	2 826.55	泥灰岩	3.29	-6.30	0.707 041	0.000 005
8	A1V2-Cal	2 826.55	缝洞方解石	2.28	-6.54	0.707 133	0.000 006

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表 2 四川盆地A1井茅口组一段泥灰岩基质与缝洞方解石微量元素含量

Table 2. Trace element contents of marlstone matrix and fracture-cavity calcite cements in first member of Maokou Formation in well A1, Sichuan Basin 单位: μg/g

序号	样品号	分析对象	Mn	Sr	V	Cr	U	Mo	Ni	Cu	Zn	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Y	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	∑REE
1	A1-40-M	泥灰岩	7.95	4 895	11.36	5.26	5.28	12.43	3.56	0.29	1.28	0.90	1.77	0.20	0.70	0.13	0.04	0.14	0.02	0.12	1.65	0.03	0.09	0.02	0.09	0.02	5.91
2	A1-40-C	缝洞方解石	6.17	5 335	0.80	1.99	0.07	0.33	4.11	0.66	2.93	0.14	0.24	0.03	0.10	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.02	0.16	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.84
3	A1V-M	泥灰岩	11.07	2 183	2.76	3.85	4.44	1.03	1.81	0.30	1.25	0.19	0.30	0.04	0.12	0.03	0.02	0.05	0.01	0.04	0.74	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.01	1.62
4	A1V-Cal	缝洞方解石	17.43	8 118	1.48	1.79	0.05	0.18	4.26	0.76	2.69	0.14	0.24	0.03	0.10	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.19	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.84
5	A1-45-M	泥灰岩	7.31	3 095	2.50	3.82	5.57	1.32	3.23	0.31	0.76	0.32	0.51	0.06	0.22	0.06	0.03	0.09	0.01	0.07	1.15	0.02	0.06	0.01	0.05	0.01	2.66
6	A1-45-C	缝洞方解石	5.13	6 221	1.30	3.46	0.04	0.19	7.34	1.85	1.41	0.11	0.19	0.02	0.08	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.02	0.36	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.91
7	A1V2-M	泥灰岩	7.73	3 286	4.59	2.41	1.46	2.14	1.31	0.42	1.19	0.33	0.59	0.07	0.27	0.06	0.03	0.08	0.01	0.06	0.77	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.01	2.37
8	A1V2-Cal	缝洞方解石	5.68	9 465	0.55	1.56	0.01	0.05	2.22	0.64	1.43	0.07	0.13	0.02	0.06	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.00	0.01	0.39	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.77

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