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川中地区震旦系灯影组—寒武系龙王庙组储层焦沥青赋存特征与成因机制

牛思琪 柳广弟 王云龙 宋泽章 朱联强 赵文智 田兴旺 杨岱林 李亿殊

牛思琪, 柳广弟, 王云龙, 宋泽章, 朱联强, 赵文智, 田兴旺, 杨岱林, 李亿殊. 川中地区震旦系灯影组—寒武系龙王庙组储层焦沥青赋存特征与成因机制[J]. 石油实验地质, 2024, 46(5): 1039-1049. doi: 10.11781/sysydz2024051039
引用本文: 牛思琪, 柳广弟, 王云龙, 宋泽章, 朱联强, 赵文智, 田兴旺, 杨岱林, 李亿殊. 川中地区震旦系灯影组—寒武系龙王庙组储层焦沥青赋存特征与成因机制[J]. 石油实验地质, 2024, 46(5): 1039-1049. doi: 10.11781/sysydz2024051039
NIU Siqi, LIU Guangdi, WANG Yunlong, SONG Zezhang, ZHU Lianqiang, ZHAO Wenzhi, TIAN Xingwang, YANG Dailin, LI Yishu. Occurrence characteristics and genesis mechanism of pyrobitumen in Sinian Dengying to Cambrian Longwangmiao reservoirs in central Sichuan Basin[J]. PETROLEUM GEOLOGY & EXPERIMENT, 2024, 46(5): 1039-1049. doi: 10.11781/sysydz2024051039
Citation: NIU Siqi, LIU Guangdi, WANG Yunlong, SONG Zezhang, ZHU Lianqiang, ZHAO Wenzhi, TIAN Xingwang, YANG Dailin, LI Yishu. Occurrence characteristics and genesis mechanism of pyrobitumen in Sinian Dengying to Cambrian Longwangmiao reservoirs in central Sichuan Basin[J]. PETROLEUM GEOLOGY & EXPERIMENT, 2024, 46(5): 1039-1049. doi: 10.11781/sysydz2024051039

川中地区震旦系灯影组—寒武系龙王庙组储层焦沥青赋存特征与成因机制

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2024051039
基金项目: 

国家重点研发计划 2017YFC0603106

国家自然科学基金面上项目 42272161

详细信息
    作者简介:

    牛思琪(1998—),女,硕士,从事油气成藏和页岩油研究。E-mail:2450728961@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    柳广弟(1961—),男,教授,博士生导师,从事油气成藏研究。E-mail:guangdiliucupb@gmail.com

  • 中图分类号: TE122.116

Occurrence characteristics and genesis mechanism of pyrobitumen in Sinian Dengying to Cambrian Longwangmiao reservoirs in central Sichuan Basin

  • 摘要: 川中地区震旦系灯影组—下寒武统龙王庙组储层内存在明显的热液活动痕迹,焦沥青也表现出热液蚀变的特征,然而很少有研究去探讨热液活动与天然气成藏演化的关系, 导致现今对灯影组油气成藏演化史的认识还存在明显不足。然而,热液对灯影组油气成藏的影响不可忽略,要正确认识灯影组天然气的成藏演化过程并识别勘探有利区,还需要对热液裂解气聚集成藏方面进行更深入的研究。基于对焦沥青的充填特征、光学纹理及结构特征的详细研究,结合热液矿物捕获的流体包裹体地球化学的研究方法,探讨了灯影组—龙王庙组储层内焦沥青的成因,分析了热液活动与原油裂解之间的关系。川中地区灯影组—龙王庙组焦沥青形成于热液活动期间,具有与中间相相同的光学各向异性特征。焦沥青可以划分为4种类型:细粒镶嵌型、中粒镶嵌型、粗粒镶嵌型及流线型,其形成温度过300 ℃,远超地层最大埋深温度,显示出热液成因的特征。热液活动发生于晚二叠世,与峨眉山地幔柱活动相关,热液流体温度超过300 ℃,导致了灯影组—龙王庙组储层内的原油裂解。研究发现热液活动将灯影组—龙王庙组古油藏内原油裂解的时间提前到了晚二叠世,打破了灯影组—龙王庙组现有的成藏模式,有助于对天然气成藏演化过程的重新认识和聚集有利区的识别。

     

  • 图  1  川中地区研究区位置(a)、震旦系灯影组顶部构造等高线与井位分布(b)及地层柱状图(c)

    据参考文献[13, 28, 33]修改。

    Figure  1.  Location of study area in central Sichuan Basin (a), structural contour map at top of Sinian Dengying Formation and well distribution (b), and stratigraphic column (c)

    图  2  川中地区震旦系灯影组—寒武系龙王庙组储层内焦沥青及热液矿物的充填特征

    a.MX145井,5 585.58 m,灯四段,高角度裂隙块状焦沥青充填;b.MX145井,5 585.58 m,灯四段,溶孔见块状沥青充填;c.MX145井,5 658.84 m,灯四段,裂隙见块状沥青充填;d.MX145井,5 663.36 m,灯四段,溶孔见块状焦沥青充填;e.ZJ2井,6 547.22 m,灯二段,藻格架孔充填白云石和块状焦沥青;f.MX203井,4 777.58 m,龙王庙组,反射光,薄片状焦沥青附着于白云石晶面;g.GS7井,5 290.50 m,灯四段,扫描电镜,球状焦沥青充填于白云石晶间孔;h.GS7井,5 311.57 m,灯四段,扫描电镜,白云石晶间孔被块状焦沥青全充填;i.BD1井,6 405.33 m,扫描电镜,片状焦沥青附着于白云石晶面;j,k.GS20井,5 183.47 m,正交透射光,鞍形白云石具波状消光,晶间孔充填块状焦沥青;l.GS7井,5 293.19 m,灯四段,反射光,溶洞充填闪锌矿、焦沥青和方铅矿,闪锌矿中发育黄铁矿出溶体,方铅矿内见特殊的三角微孔;m.GS7井,5 290.50 m,灯四段,反射光,溶孔充填块状焦沥青,随后被闪锌矿全充填;n.GS7井,5 290.50 m,灯四段,反射光,溶孔边缘充填焦沥青,随后被块状闪锌矿全充填;o.GS7井,5 034.78 m,灯四段,反射光,溶孔充填焦沥青和块状闪锌矿,闪锌矿内发育黄铁矿出溶体。

    Figure  2.  Filling characteristics of pyrobitumen and hydrothermal minerals in reservoirs of Sinian Dengying to Cambrian Longwangmiao formations in central Sichuan Basin

    图  3  川中地区震旦系灯影组—寒武系龙王庙组不同光学纹理焦沥青的反射光及扫描电镜照片

    a-b.GS119井,5 587.47 m,灯四段,反射光,细粒镶嵌型焦沥青;c.MX205井,4 599.9 m,龙王庙组,反射光,中粒镶嵌型焦沥青;d.MX205井,4 642.48 m,龙王庙组,反射光,中粒镶嵌型焦沥青;e.GS129井,5 467.92 m,灯四段,反射光,粗粒镶嵌型焦沥青;f.GS10井,5 079.22 m,灯四段,反射光,粗粒镶嵌型焦沥青;g.MX145井,6 169.77 m,灯二段,反射光,焦沥青内尚未融并和已融并的中间相球体;h.MX9井,灯二段,反射光,流线型焦沥青,发育明暗交替的纹理;i.GS7井,5 274.11 m,反射光,流线型焦沥青,发育明暗交替的纹理;j.GS7井,5 311.57 m,灯四段,扫描电镜,流线型焦沥青内排列有序的芳香片层;k-l.GS7井,灯四段,扫描电镜,流线型焦沥青内排列有序的芳香片层。

    Figure  3.  Reflective light and scanning electron microscope images of pyrobitumen with differing optical textures in Sinian Dengying to Cambrian Longwangmiao formations in central Sichuan Basin

    图  4  川中地区震旦系灯影组流线型焦沥青内亮带及暗带反射率

    图中数值为焦沥青的平均反射率, 单位%。

    Figure  4.  Reflectance values of bright and dark bands in streamlined pyrobitumen in Sinian Dengying Formation, central Sichuan Basin

    图  5  川中地区震旦系灯影组—寒武系龙王庙组热液矿物捕获的流体包裹体照片及均一温度

    a-b.GS20井,5 255.13 m,鞍形白云石捕获的原生含气盐水包裹体,成群分布;c-d.GS20井,5 196.71 m,鞍形白云石捕获的原生含气盐水包裹体,成群分布。

    Figure  5.  Photos and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions trapped by hydrothermal minerals in Sinian Dengying to Cambrian Longwangmiao formations, central Sichuan Basin

    图  6  川中地区震旦系灯影组—寒武系龙王庙组焦沥青H/C原子比与软化点交会图

    据参考文献[48, 50-53]修改。

    Figure  6.  Cross plotts of H/C atomic ratio and softening point of pyrobitumen in Sinian Dengying to Cambrian Longwangmiao formations, central Sichuan Basin

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  • 收稿日期:  2023-08-07
  • 修回日期:  2024-08-22
  • 刊出日期:  2024-09-28

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