前陆盆地系统中隆后盆地沉积特征——以准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组为例

李想; 丁雅洁; 李俊飞; 徐港; 敬亚东

doi:10.11781/sysydz2024061253

前陆盆地系统中隆后盆地沉积特征——以准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组为例

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2024061253

中国石油新疆油田公司石西油田作业区, 新疆克拉玛依 834000

详细信息

作者简介:
李想(1982—), 男, 硕士, 高级工程师, 从事油气地质学研究。E-mail: lx88@petrochina.com.cn

中图分类号: TE121.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-26
- 修回日期: 2024-10-12
- 刊出日期: 2024-11-28

Sedimentary characteristics of post-uplift basins in foreland basin system: a case study of Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in hinterland of Junggar Basin

Shixi Oilfield Operation Area, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China

摘要

摘要: 前陆盆地油气资源丰富，但主要集中在前渊带，随着隆后盆地油气勘探取得突破，该类盆地逐渐成为研究热点。准噶尔盆地腹部属于隆后盆地，该区侏罗系三工河组是重要的油气产层，但是目前对于其沉积相的类型存在较大争议。随着勘探的深入推进和各种地质资料的不断丰富，三工河组的沉积相类型及演化逐渐变得清晰。为明确前陆盆地系统中隆后盆地沉积相类型、分布及与前渊带沉积特征的差异性，在扎实的野外地质剖面、岩心、测井、地震和分析测试资料分析的基础上，详细剖析了三工河组的沉积相类型、展布特征及其控制因素。准噶尔盆地腹部隆后盆地三工河组沉积相类型包括辫状河三角洲相、湖底扇相和湖泊相等。其中，辫状河三角洲相进一步划分为平原和前缘亚相，主要分布在石西和莫北地区；湖底扇相主要分布在盆1井西凹陷中，发育鲍马序列，多见“A”、“B”段，其物源来自研究区东部的辫状河三角洲。三工河组沉积期，研究区存在3个物源，而非前人认为的西北部和东北部2个物源。稳定重矿物等资料分析表明，W36湖底扇受到东北部物源影响，而W46湖底扇受到东南物源影响。前陆盆地前渊带沉积物粒度较粗，沉积相类型简单，且以构造油气藏为主；而隆后盆地沉积物粒度较细，沉积相类型多，且以构造—岩性、岩性油气藏为主。
- 湖底扇 /
- 隆后盆地 /
- 三工河组 /
- 侏罗系 /
- 准噶尔盆地
Abstract: Foreland basins are rich in oil and gas resources, with most being concentrated in the foredeep zone. However, as breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration in post-uplift basins have been made, these types of basins gradually become a research hotspot. The hinterland of the Junggar Basin is a post-uplift basin, and the Jurassic Sangonghe Formation is an important oil and gas-bearing layer in this area. However, there is still a significant debate about the types of sedimentary facies in this formation. With the progress of exploration and the continuous enrichment of geological data, the types and evolution of the sedimentary facies in the Sangonghe Formation have gradually become clearer. To clarify the sedimentary facies types, distribution, and the differences from the foredeep zone in the post-uplift basins of the foreland basin system, the study analyzed geological profiles, cores, well logging, seismic data, and analytical test results. It provided a detailed analysis of the sedimentary facies types, distribution characteristics, and controlling factors of the Sangonghe Formation. The sedimentary facies types of the Sangonghe Formation include braided river delta facies, sublacustrine fan facies, and lacustrine facies. The braided river delta facies are further subdivided into the plain and front subfacies, which are mainly distributed in the Shixi and Mobei areas. The sublacustrine fan facies are mainly distributed in the west sag of well 1 in the basin, characterized by Bouma sequences, with "A" and "B" segments being mostly common. The sediment source for these fans came from the braided river delta in the eastern part of the study area. During the sedimentary period of the Sangonghe Formation, there were three sources in the study area, instead of only two sources from the northwest and northeast as previously believed. Stable heavy mineral analysis showed that the W36 sublacustrine fan was affected by the northeastern sediment source, while the W46 sublacustrine fan was affected by the southeastern source. Sediments in the foredeep zone of the foreland basin were coarse, with simple sedimentary facies types and structural oil and gas reservoirs as the primary trap types. However, sediments in the post-uplift basin had finer grain sizes, with more varied sedimentary facies types, and were dominated by tectonic-lithologic and lithologic oil and gas reservoirs.
- sublacustrine fan /
- post-uplift basin /
- Sangonghe Formation /
- Jurassic /
- Junggar Basin
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors disclose no relevant conflict of interests.

作者贡献/Authors'Contributions

李想、丁雅洁、李俊飞参与论文研究思路设计；李想、丁雅洁、李俊飞完成论文结构搭建；李想、丁雅洁、李俊飞、徐港、敬亚东参与论文写作和修改。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

The study was designed by LI Xiang, DING Yajie, and LI Junfei. The paper structure was constructed by LI Xiang, DING Yajie, and LI Junfei. The manuscript was drafted and revised by LI Xiang, DING Yajie. LI Junfei, XU Gang, and JING Yadong. All authors have read the last version of the paper and consented to its submission.

HTML全文

图 1 准噶尔盆地腹部研究区构造位置(a-b)及其侏罗系三工河组岩性—沉积相综合柱状图(c)

a.研究区位置；b.研究区隆后盆地构造位置；c.三工河组综合柱状图。

Figure 1. Structural location of hinterland of Junggar Basin in study area (a-b) and composite column of lithology and sedimentary facies in Jurassic Sangonghe Formation (c)

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图 2 准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组岩矿三端元图

Figure 2. Ternary diagram of rock-mineral composition in Jurassic Sangonghe Formation, hinterland of Junggar Basin

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图 3 准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组长石岩屑砂岩镜下特征

a.W58井，2 755.7 m；b.W50井，3 128.6 m；c.W50井，3 144.5 m；d.W50井，3 161.8 m。

Figure 3. Microscopic characteristics of feldspar lithic sandstone in Jurassic Sangonghe Formation, hinterland of Junggar Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 准噶尔盆地腹部三工河组辫状河三角洲和湖底扇相岩心特征

a.具冲刷面含砾中、细砂岩，W58井，3 192.48 m；b.含棕色泥砾和碳屑细砂岩，W58井，3 032.62 m；c.棕色泥岩，W58井，3 234.51 m；d.滑塌变形构造，W50井，4 045.59 m；e.波状层理，W50井，4 047.18 m；f.砂纹层理与脉状层理，W50井，3 311.32 m；g.鲍马序列“A”段，W35井，4 016.07 m；h.鲍马序列“A-B”段，W46井，4 225.74 m。

Figure 4. Core characteristics of braided river delta and sublacustrine fan facies in Sangonghe Formation, hinterland of Junggar Basin

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图 5 准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组沉积相南北向对比剖面

剖面位置见图 8。

Figure 5. Comparison of north-south trending sedimentary facies in Jurassic Sangonghe Formation, hinterland of Junggar Basin

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图 6 准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组沉积相东西向对比剖面

剖面位置见图 8。

Figure 6. Comparison of east-west trending sedimentary facies profiles in Sangonghe Formation, hinterland of Junggar Basin

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图 7 准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组下段湖底扇透镜状反射构造

剖面位置见图 8。

Figure 7. Lens-shaped reflective structure of sublacustrine fan in lower section of Jurassic Sangonghe Formation, hinterland of Junggar Basin

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图 8 准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组沉积相平面分布

Figure 8. Planar distribution of sedimentary facies in Jurassic Sangonghe Formation, hinterland of Junggar Basin

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图 9 准噶尔盆地吐孜阿克内沟侏罗系三工河组中段和上段地质剖面特征

Figure 9. Geological profile characteristics of middle and upper sections of Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in Tuziakneigou, Junggar Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 准噶尔盆地腹部地震剖面侏罗系三工河组二级坡折带特征

剖面位置见图 8。

Figure 10. Seismic profile showing characteristics of secondary slope-break zone in Jurassic Sangonghe Formation, hinterland of Junggar Basin

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图 11 准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组重矿物组合特征

Figure 11. Heavy mineral assemblage characteristics of Jurassic Sangonghe Formation, hinterland of Junggar Basin

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图 12 前陆盆地系统中前渊带与隆后盆地沉积特征

Figure 12. Sedimentary characteristics of foredeep zone and post-uplift basin in foreland basin system

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表 1 准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组沉积相划分方案及特征

Table 1. Classification scheme and characteristics of sedimentary facies in Jurassic Sangonghe Formation, hinterland of Junggar Basin

相	亚相	微相	岩性特征	沉积构造及沉积韵律	电性特征	测井曲线
辫状河三角洲	平原	分流河道	棕色砾质砂岩、含砾砂岩、中一细砂岩	平行层理、板状交错层理，正韵律	GR值低-中，Rt值高，测井相为箱形和钟形
	平原	河道间	灰绿色泥岩、粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩	砂纹层理，水平层理	GR值中-高值，Rt值低，齿化严重
	前缘	水下分流河道	灰色细砂岩、粉砂岩	滑塌变形构造、波状层理、脉状层理，正韵律	GR值低-中，Rt值高，测井相为箱形和钟形
		河口砂坝	灰色细砂岩、粉砂岩	波状层理、平行层理，逆韵律	GR值低-中，Rt值高，测井相为漏斗形
		支流间湾	灰色泥岩	砂纹层理，水平层理	GR值中-高值，Rt值低，齿化严重
湖底扇	扇根-扇中	浊流、分流河道	灰色细砂岩、粉砂岩	鲍马序列，正韵律	GR值中，Rt值中-高，测井相为齿化钟形
湖泊	滨浅湖		灰色粉砂岩、泥质砂岩	砂纹层理，透镜状层理	GR值中-高值，Rt值较低，测井相为指状
湖泊	半深湖		灰色泥岩夹泥质砂岩	水平层理	GR值高值，Rt值低，测井曲线弱齿化

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