塔里木盆地西南地区和田古隆起改造过程及其地质意义

刘士林; 邓铭哲; 蔡芃睿; 曹日洲; 周雨双; 沙旭光

doi:10.11781/sysydz2025030466

塔里木盆地西南地区和田古隆起改造过程及其地质意义

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2025030466

1.
中国石化油田勘探开发事业部, 北京 100728
2.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126
3.
中国石化西北油气分公司, 乌鲁木齐 130062

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金“三大盆地深层—超深层海相油气高效勘探开发基础研究” U24B6001

详细信息

作者简介:
刘士林(1982—)，男，博士，高级工程师，从事盆地分析与油区构造解析研究。E-mail: liushilin@sinopec.com

通讯作者:
邓铭哲(1990-), 男, 博士, 高级工程师, 从事含油气盆地分析研究。E-mail: dmz527214955@126.com

中图分类号: TE121.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-10
- 修回日期: 2025-04-29
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-28

Transformation processes of Hetian paleo-uplift in southwestern Tarim Basin and its geological significance

1.
Department of Oilfield Exploration & Development, SINOPEC, Beijing 100728, China
2.
Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
3.
Northwest Oil and Gas Branch Company, SINOPEC, Urumqi, Xinjiang 130062, China

摘要

摘要: 塔里木盆地西南地区古生代经历了复杂的建造—改造过程，古隆起迭加改造过程认识的不清晰制约了区域内油气勘探的突破。为解决此问题，基于最新的地震、钻井资料，开展了地震解释、构造分析等一系列工作，分层、分期恢复区域内剥蚀量的变化过程，刻画了和田古隆起的形成、改造过程；基于盆缘岩浆岩年龄、形成环境分析，讨论了古隆起演化及改造的动力学机制；结合油气勘探情况，探讨了古隆起迭加改造的控油气作用。研究认为：(1)塔西南地区剥蚀中心发生过明显的迁移，加里东中期Ⅰ幕局限于盆地西南缘，加里东中期Ⅲ幕剥蚀区域向北扩展，海西早期剥蚀中心向东迁移，海西晚期，剥蚀中心位于盆地西北部，喜马拉雅期剥蚀中心位于现今巴楚隆起所在区域；(2)和田古隆起具有两阶段演化特征，加里东中期Ⅲ幕为陆缘隆起，海西早期为陆内隆起，和田古隆起主要遭受盆地西北缘麦西古隆起和盆地中部巴楚隆起的改造，调整了和田古隆起控制形成的早期古地貌；(3)古隆起的迁移演化及不同古隆起间的迭加改造，控制了不同储盖组合的分布，和田古隆起、麦西古隆起、巴楚古隆起间的构造枢纽带是油气聚集的有利部位，应成为下一步的勘探方向。
- 油气聚集 /
- 古隆起演化 /
- 不整合面 /
- 剥蚀量恢复 /
- 寒武纪 /
- 和田地区 /
- 塔里木盆地
Abstract: The southwestern Tarim Basin experienced a complex construction and transformation process during the Paleozoic era. The unclear understanding of the superimposed transformation processes of the paleo-uplifts has restricted its oil and gas exploration. To address this issue, a series of studies, including seismic interpretation and structural analysis, were carried out based on the latest seismic and drilling data. The variation process of denudation was restored in different layers and periods, and the formation and transformation processes of the Hetian paleo-uplift were characterized. Based on the analysis of the ages and formation environments of basin-margin igneous rocks, the dynamic mechanism of the evolution and transformation of the paleo-uplift was discussed. Combined with the oil and gas exploration results, the controlling effects of the superimposed transformation of the paleo-uplifts were discussed. The results indicated that: (1) The denudation center in the southwestern Tarim Basin has undergone significant migration. During stage Ⅰ of the middle Caledonian period, denudation was confined to the southwestern margin of the basin. By stage Ⅲ of the middle Caledonian period, the denudation area expanded northward. During the early Hercynian period, the denudation center migrated eastward. In the late Hercynian period, it was located in the northwestern part of the basin. During the Himalayan period, the denudation center was located in the area where the present Bachu Uplift is situated. (2) The Hetian paleo-uplift exhibited a two-stage evolutionary pattern. It was an uplift along continental margins during stage Ⅲ of the middle Caledonian period and then transformed into an intracontinental uplift during the early Hercynian period. The Hetian paleo-uplift was mainly affected by the transformation of the western Maigaiti paleo-uplift in the northwestern margin of the Tarim Basin and the Bachu Uplift in the central basin, which adjusted the early paleogeomorphology of the Hetian paleo-uplift. (3) The migration and evolution of the paleo-uplift and the superimposed transformation between different paleo-uplifts controlled the distribution of different reservoir and caprock assemblages. The structural hinge zones between the Hetian, the western Maigaiti, and the Bachu paleo-uplifts were identified as favorable areas for oil and gas accumulation and should be the focus of future exploration efforts.
- oil and gas accumulation /
- paleo-uplift evolution /
- unconformity surface /
- denudation recovery /
- Cambrian /
- Hetian area /
- Tarim Basin
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

作者邓铭哲是本刊青年编委会成员和主办单位员工；蔡芃睿、曹日洲、周雨双是本刊主办单位员工，均未参与本文的同行评审或决策。

The author DENG Mingzhe is a Young Editorial Board Member and an employee of the sponsor of this journal. CAI Pengrui, CAO Rizhou, and ZHOU Yushuang are employees of the sponsor of this journal. They did not take part in peer review or decision-making of this article.

作者贡献/Authors'Contributions

刘士林提出构想，参与写作和修改；邓铭哲负责文章、图件的具体编写工作；蔡芃睿负责大地构造相关内容的编写；曹日洲负责油气成藏相关内容的编写；周雨双、沙旭光负责文章的校对和整理。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

LIU Shilin proposed the research concept, and participated in the writing and revision of the paper. DENG Mingzhe wrote the article and drew figures. CAI Pengrui was responsible for writing parts of the article related to tectonics. Parts related to hydrocarbon accumulation were written by CAO Rizhou. ZHOU Yushuang and SHA Xuguang proofread and organized the manuscript. All authors have read the final version of the paper and consented to its submission.

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图 1 塔里木盆地西南地区区域地质概况

a.构造单元划分；b.区域地层岩性柱状图。

Figure 1. Regional geological overview of southwestern Tarim Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 塔里木盆地西南地区主要不整合面波阻特征

剖面位置见图 1。

Figure 2. Wave impedance characteristics of main unconformity surfaces in southwestern Tarim Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 塔里木盆地西南地区奥陶系底界现今构造形态

Figure 3. Current structural form at the bottom of Ordovician in southwestern Tarim Basin

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图 4 塔里木盆地巴麦地区各地层剥蚀厚度

a.中—下奥陶统；b.上奥陶统；c.志留系—中泥盆统；d.二叠系顶部；e.古近系。

Figure 4. Denuded strata thickness in Bachu-Maigaiti area of Tarim Basin

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图 5 塔里木盆地巴麦地区不同构造期剥蚀厚度

a.加里东中期Ⅰ幕；b.加里东中期Ⅲ幕；c.加里东晚期—海西早期；d.海西晚期；e.喜马拉雅早期。

Figure 5. Denuded strata thickness of different tectonic periods in Bachu-Maigaiti area, Tarim Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 塔里木盆地西南地区隆坳演化过程

a.加里东中期Ⅰ幕古隆坳格局恢复结果；b.加里东中期Ⅲ幕古隆坳格局恢复结果；c.加里东晚期—海西早期古隆坳格局恢复结果；d.海西晚期古隆坳格局恢复结果；e.喜马拉雅早期古隆坳格局恢复结果；f. 现今盆地隆坳格局。

Figure 6. Evolution process of uplift and downwarping structures in southwestern Tarim Basin

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图 7 塔里木盆地西南地区南西—北东方向隆坳演化剖面

剖面位置见图 1AA’。

Figure 7. Evolution profiles of southwestern Tarim Basin in southwest-northeast direction

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图 8 西昆仑花岗岩的A/NK—A/CNK判别图(a)和Rb—(Y+Nb)判别图(b)

图a底图据MANIAR和PICCOLI^[19]；图b底图据PEARCE等^[20]。

Figure 8. A/NK-A/CNK discrimination diagram (a) and Rb- (Y+Nb) discrimination diagram (b) of granite in western Kunlun Mountain

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图 9 塔里木盆地西南地区巴探4井石炭系油气充注事件

据参考文献[40]修改。

Figure 9. Carboniferous hydrocarbon charging events in well Batan-4 in southwestern Tarim Basin

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图 10 塔里木盆地西南地区古隆起叠合图

Figure 10. Superimposed map of paleo-uplifts in southwestern Tarim Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 根据地层厚度趋势法确定塔里木盆地西南地区不同层系的剥蚀量

Table 1. Denudation calculations of different strata in southwestern Tarim Basin based on strata thickness variation trend

大地坐标系		剥蚀量/m
横坐标	纵坐标	O_1-2	O₃	S-D	C-P	Kz
44821051	4516448	230.8	825.4	0.0	69.0	0.0
44829330	4529427	221.9	927.3	0.0	74.9	0.0
44834729	4546732	211.3	967.4	0.0	80.0	34.2
44839409	4562728	200.7	975.4	0.0	85.9	59.7
44846248	4576068	191.1	952.2	0.0	93.6	91.1
44854887	4589768	177.7	908.4	6.8	105.5	131.9
44863887	4605631	157.3	851.4	87.8	116.4	584.1
44872166	4619692	136.9	785.1	157.3	126.8	494.2
44882965	4637358	124.0	692.5	213.5	119.0	413.3
44890164	4651058	118.3	560.2	295.6	68.2	403.3
44896284	4663316	122.4	444.9	438.4	140.4	365.3
44903123	4674853	134.4	390.9	480.7	145.9	299.7
44911762	4688914	123.6	353.6	351.7	72.4	294.7
44919682	4702975	105.5	336.6	240.3	67.7	426.0
44928321	4718085	91.6	319.4	156.0	168.1	646.8
44935520	4731425	78.1	296.5	88.8	559.2	216.3
44942719	4744404	73.6	272.3	39.6	226.4	0.0
44952799	4760988	72.0	238.2	0.0	675.7	0.0
44962878	4777573	58.0	194.7	0.0	851.5	0.0

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表 2 根据米兰科维奇旋回分析确定塔里木盆地西南地区不同层系的剥蚀量

Table 2. Denudation calculations of different strata in southwestern Tarim Basin based on Milankovitch cycle analysis

钻井名	剥蚀量/m
钻井名	O_1-2	O₃	S-D	C-P	Kz
玉东4	120.5	540	252	20	0
玉北3	126.5	570	205	60	0
玉北3-1	125.5	560	210	60	0
玉北2	160.5	632	148	140	0
玉北9	144.0	640	30	240	0
玉北6A	155.5	675	75	235	0
玉北1-1	165.0	757	90	200	0
玉北1	165.5	740	95	150	0
玉北1-2x	161.5	735	100	100	0
玛参1	112.5	576	160	0	0
玉北10	164.25	755	92	235	0
玉北5	140.0	710	48	160	0
玉北7	160.5	770	94	165	0
胜和2	169.2	792	100	235	0
玉北4	150.0	755	135	200	0
玉北8	140.5	855	125	25	0
皮山北2	104.5	650	337	0	0
和2	89.3	452	310	420	0
巴东4	39.8	390	170	300	300
和4	49.8	210	70	250	475
玛北1	137.5	392	430	155	490
巴探5	87.5	463	330	320	580
康2	88.8	522	40	550	620
巴开1	125.4	498	50	1 000	550
珈1	76.5	500	0	1 180	330
方1	120.1	276	70	670	680

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表 3 塔里木盆地西南地区不同古隆起关键成藏要素

Table 3. Key hydrocarbon accumulation factors of different paleo-uplifts in southwestern Tarim Basin

古隆起	奥陶系与上覆地层接触关系	烃源岩	主成藏期	典型油气藏	成藏组合
巴楚隆起	O₃s/O₃l/O_1-2y		海西晚期、喜马拉雅期	和田河、巴探5	石炭系、奥陶系
麦西古隆起	S/O_1-2y	寒武系、石炭系	海西晚期、喜马拉雅期	巴什托(群7)、亚松迪(巴参1)	石炭系、泥盆系
和田古隆起	C₁b/O₃l/O_1-2y	寒武系	海西晚期、喜马拉雅期	罗斯2	奥陶系
和田古隆起	C₁b/O_1-2y	寒武系	加里东晚期、海西晚期	玉北1	奥陶系

下载: 导出CSV

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