鄂尔多斯盆地中东部T112井盐下马家沟组成烃生物特征及其油气指示

张怡诺; 张东东; 魏柳斌; 刘文汇; 师平平; 王晓锋; 张倩; 李忆宁; 金智成

doi:10.11781/sysydz2025030593

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部T112井盐下马家沟组成烃生物特征及其油气指示

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2025030593

张怡诺^1,,
张东东^1, ,,
魏柳斌^{2, 3},
刘文汇¹,
师平平^{2, 3},
王晓锋¹,
张倩¹,
李忆宁¹,
金智成¹

1.
西北大学地质学系大陆演化与早期生命全国重点实验室, 西安 710069
2.
中国石油长庆油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 西安 710018
3.
低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室, 西安 710018

基金项目:

中国石油长庆油田分公司科技重大专项 ZDZX2021-03

长庆油田创新联合体项目 2024D1JC06

国家自然科学基金 41930426

陕西省教育厅高校青年创新团队项目 23JP173

详细信息

作者简介:
张怡诺(1999—)，男，硕士生，主要从事油气地球化学研究。E-mail: 1043287402@qq.com

通讯作者:
张东东(1985-), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事油气地球化学研究。E-mail: zhangdd@nwu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TE122.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-12
- 修回日期: 2025-04-10
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-28

Characteristics and indication of hydrocarbon-generating organisms in sub-salt Majiagou Formation of well T112, central and eastern Ordos Basin

1.
State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
2.
Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, China
3.
National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil and Gas Fields, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, China

摘要

摘要: 近年鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系马家沟组不断取得天然气勘探突破，且天然气藏地球化学特征显示自生自储，但对马家沟组低有机质丰度、高热演化的碳酸盐岩烃源评价尚存争议。成烃生物研究可为马家沟组烃源的成烃潜力与成源环境提供新角度和新方法。选取鄂尔多斯盆地T112井马家沟组岩心样品，运用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及地球化学测试手段展开分析。研究结果显示，马家沟组成烃生物类型多样，纵向分布有差异，主要包括浮游藻类、底栖藻类、动物有机碎屑体和矿物沥青基质；各段成烃生物组合不同，马五段含较多浮游藻类，马四段以底栖藻类为主，马三段有机质多以矿物沥青基质形式存在。地球化学特征表明，马三段和马五段TOC较高，有机碳同位素组成变化小；马三段碳氧同位素整体较轻。综合分析表明马三段和马五段沉积环境有利于成烃生物发育，其TOC高与浮游藻类相关，同时咸化环境、陆源输入和局限海沉积相是马三段和马五段浮游生物发育的主控条件，且该层段无机碳同位素负漂指示马家沟组曾发生大规模生烃作用，表明其碳酸盐岩层系可作为有效烃源供给油气成藏。
- 成烃生物 /
- 碳酸盐岩 /
- 烃源评价 /
- 马家沟组 /
- 鄂尔多斯盆地
Abstract: In recent years, breakthroughs in natural gas exploration have been continuously achieved in the Ordovician Majiagou Formation of the central and eastern Ordos Basin, with geochemical characteristics of self-generation and self-storage. However, there are still controversies surrounding the evaluation of carbonate hydrocarbon source rocks in the Majiagou Formation, characterized by low organic matter abundance and high thermal evolution. Research on hydrocarbon-generating organisms can provide new perspectives and methodologies for assessing the hydrocarbon potential and source environments of these rocks. The study analyzed the core samples from the Majiagou Formation of the well T112 in the Ordos Basin using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and geochemical analyses. The results revealed various types of hydrocarbon-generating organisms with vertical distribution differences. These organisms primarily included planktonic algae, benthic algae, animal organic debris, and mineral-bituminous groundmass. Different assemblages of these organisms were observed across various members of the Majiagou Formation. The fifth member (Ma 5 member) contained more planktonic algae, the fourth member (Ma 4 member) was dominated by benthic algae, and the third member (Ma 3 member) predominantly contained mineral bituminous groundmass. Geochemical data indicated higher total organic carbon (TOC) content in the Ma 3 and Ma 5 members, with minimal variations in organic carbon isotope compositions. Carbon and oxygen isotopes in the Ma 3 member are generally lighter. Comprehensive analysis suggested that the sedimentary environments in the Ma 3 and Ma 5 members were favorable for the development of hydrocarbon-generating organisms. The high TOC values in these members were associated with planktonic algae, while saline environment, terrigenous inputs, and restricted marine sedimentary facies were the primary controlling factors on phytoplankton development. Moreover, negative drifts in inorganic carbon isotopes indicated that large-scale hydrocarbon generation events have occurred in the Majiagou Formation, suggesting that its carbonate rock sequences might be an effective hydrocarbon source for oil and gas accumulation.
- hydrocarbon-generating organisms /
- carbonate rock /
- hydrocarbon source evaluation /
- Majiagou Formation /
- Ordos Basin
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors declare no relevant conflict of interests.

作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

张怡诺、张东东、王晓锋、刘文汇、师平平参与论文研究思路设计和写作；张怡诺、金智成、张倩和魏柳斌参与了样品采集和实验测试；张怡诺、张东东、张倩和李忆宁参与了论文修改。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

The research was designed and written by ZHANG Yinuo, ZHANG Dongdong, WANG Xiaofeng, LIU Wenhui, and SHI Pingping. The sample collection and experimental tests were finished by ZHANG Yinuo, JIN Zhicheng, ZHANG Qian, and WEI Liubin. The manuscript was revised by ZHANG Yinuo, ZHANG Dongdong, ZHANG Qian, and LI Yining. All authors have read the final version of the paper and consented to its submission.

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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地地质概况及盆地中东部T112井奥陶系马家沟组地层柱状图

Figure 1. Geological overview of Ordos Basin and stratigraphic column of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in well T112, central and eastern Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地T112井岩心照片

a.3 375.8 m，马五段，膏质白云岩；b. 3 358.6 m，马五段，泥质白云岩；c. 3 341.2 m，马五段，灰质白云岩；d. 3 528.5 m，马四段，泥质灰岩；e. 3 546.5 m，马四段，灰岩；f. 3 750.0 m，马三段，膏质白云岩。

Figure 2. Core photos of well T112 in Ordos Basin

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图 3 鄂尔多斯盆地T112井马家沟组各层位扫描电镜下成烃生物图片

a. 3 385.7 m，马五段，硫细菌，膏质白云岩；b.3 342.6 m，马五段，硫细菌，膏质白云岩；c.3 355.45 m，马五段，蓝细菌，膏质白云岩；d. 3 474.8 m，马四段，蓝细菌，白云岩；e.3 667.3 m，马四段，碳质细菌，具表皮纹路，白云岩；f.3 745.2 m，马三段，嗜盐菌，膏质白云岩；g. 3 378.35 m，马五段，嗜盐菌，膏质白云岩；h.3 738.4 m，马三段，硅质细菌，盐岩；i. 3 376.8 m，马五段，硅质细菌，膏质白云岩。

Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy images of hydrocarbon-generating organisms from various layers of Majiagou Formation, Well T112, Ordos Basin

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图 4 鄂尔多斯盆地T112井马家沟组马三段—马五段碳氧同位素组成

Figure 4. Carbon and oxygen isotopes in Ma 3 to 5 members of Majiagou Formation, well T112, Ordos Basin

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图 5 鄂尔多斯盆地T112井马家沟组马三段—马五段微量元素含量

Figure 5. Trace elements in Ma 3 to 5 members of Majiagou Formation, well T112, Ordos Basin

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图 6 鄂尔多斯盆地T112井马家沟组马三段—马五段TOC含量

Figure 6. TOC content in Ma 3 to 5 members of Majiagou Formation, well T112, Ordos Basin

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图 7 鄂尔多斯盆地T112井马家沟组马三段—马五段地球化学综合柱状图

Figure 7. Geochemical comprehensive stratigraphic column of Ma 3 to 5 members of Majiagou Formation, well T112, Ordos Basin

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图 8 鄂尔多斯盆地T112井马三段和马五段矿物沥青基质对比

从左到右依次为透射光、荧光；a-b.马三段，3 553.4 m，ω(TOC)=0.05%，δ¹³C_carb=-0.9‰；c-d.马五段，3 347.6 m，ω(TOC)=0.09%，δ¹³C_carb=-5.5‰。

Figure 8. Comparison of mineral bituminous groundmass in Ma 3 to 5 members of Majiagou Formation, well T112, Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组成烃生物显微特征分类(高成熟度)

Table 1. Classification of microscopic characteristics of hydrocarbon-generating organisms (high maturity) in Majiagou Formation, Ordos Basin

成烃生物类型	透射光镜下特征	反射光镜下特征	荧光显示特征	代表样品	鉴定结果
底栖藻类				T112-3	囊果藻
浮游藻类				T112-3	浮游藻类无定形体
生物碎屑				T112-21	动物碎屑
粪球粒				T112-27	粪球粒
矿物沥青基质				T112-6	矿物沥青基质

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表 2 鄂尔多斯盆地T112井马家沟组马三段—马五段成烃生物组分含量

Table 2. Compositions of hydrocarbon-generating organism in Ma 3 to 5 members of Majiagou Formation in well T112, Ordos Basin

样号	深度/m	地层	岩性	各成烃生物组分含量/%
样号	深度/m	地层	岩性	底栖藻类	浮游藻类	生物碎屑	粪球粒	矿物沥青基质
T112-1	3 306.72	马五段	灰岩	-	40.00	-	-	60.00
T112-2	3 310.19	马五段	灰岩	-	-	90.00	-	10.00
T112-4	3 318.28	马五段	灰岩	-	86.50	-	-	13.50
T112-7	3 323.09	马五段	灰岩	11.00	-	-	-	89.00
T112-8	3 329.74	马五段	灰岩	-	-	100.00	-	-
T112-9	3 337.16	马五段	灰岩	-	-	18.00	82.00	-
T112-11	3 355.04	马五段	灰岩	-	76.00	10.00	-	14.00
T112-12	3 378.95	马五段	灰岩	24.00	-	-	76.00	-
T112-14	3 419.27	马四段	白云岩	19.80	-	70.20	-	10.00
T112-16	3 430.45	马四段	白云岩	-	-	-	100.00	-
T112-18	3 445.13	马四段	白云岩	65.00	-	35.00	-	-
T112-19	3 449.41	马四段	白云岩	95.00	-		-	5.00
T112-21	3 461.76	马四段	白云岩	34.00	-	-	-	66.00
T112-27	3 778.94	马三段	灰岩	-	32.00	-	-	68.00
T112-31	3 747.36	马三段	灰岩	-	-	-	100.00	-
T112-32	3 786.40	马三段	灰岩	20.00	60.00	-	-	20.00
T112-39	3 788.79	马三段	灰岩	-	-	-	-	100.00
T112-40	3 809.86	马三段	灰岩	-	33.00	-	-	67.00
T112-42	3 817.42	马三段	灰岩	-	50.00	-	-	50.00

下载: 导出CSV

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