川南中二叠统茅口组一段镁质黏土矿物及其对孔隙的影响

张力钰; 尤东华; 李蓉; 俞凌杰; 陈强路; 刘友祥; 周凌方

doi:10.11781/sysydz2025050974

川南中二叠统茅口组一段镁质黏土矿物及其对孔隙的影响

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2025050974

张力钰^{1, 2, 3,},
尤东华^{1, 3},
李蓉⁴,
俞凌杰^{1, 2, 3},
陈强路^{1, 3},
刘友祥^{1, 3},
周凌方^{1, 3}

1.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214126
2.
页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室, 江苏无锡 214126
3.
中国石化油气成藏重点实验室, 江苏无锡 214126
4.
中国石化西南油气分公司勘探开发研究院, 成都 610041

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金集成项目“三大盆地深层—超深层海相油气高效勘探开发基础研究” U24B6001

详细信息

作者简介:
张力钰(1992—)，女，博士，副研究员，从事沉积储层研究。E-mail: zhangliyu.syky@sinopec.com

中图分类号: TE122.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-12
- 修回日期: 2025-07-10
- 刊出日期: 2025-09-28

Magnesian clay minerals and their influence on pores in the first member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation, southern Sichuan Basin

ZHANG Liyu^{1, 2, 3
,},
YOU Donghua^{1, 3},
LI Rong⁴,
YU Lingjie^{1, 2, 3},
CHEN Qianglu^{1, 3},
LIU Youxiang^{1, 3},
ZHOU Lingfang^{1, 3}

1.
Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
3.
SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
4.
Research Institute of Exploration and Development, SINOPEC Southwest Oil and Gas Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China

摘要

摘要: 近年来，四川盆地多口井在中二叠统茅口组一段(茅一段)(含)泥灰岩地层中钻获工业气流，展示出良好的勘探潜力。早期研究认为，茅一段(含)泥灰岩具有自生自储的特征，是一套低孔、低渗的裂缝—孔隙型致密碳酸盐岩储层，储集空间多样，海泡石向滑石转化过程中形成的成岩收缩孔缝对储集空间贡献较大。为进一步探讨茅一段黏土矿物的成因及其储集意义，采集川南6口钻井和1条野外剖面的茅一段岩样，通过显微镜、氩离子电镜、X射线衍射(XRD)、主微量元素、锶同位素(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)、孔隙度、氮气吸附等实验手段，对茅一段(含)泥灰岩中黏土矿物进行研究。镜下观察与XRD结果显示，川南茅一段黏土矿物多以基质、不规则斑块(点)状和交代钙质生物壳体等形式产出，以滑石、富镁蒙脱石等镁质黏土矿物为主，含少量海泡石。此外，茅一段(含)泥灰岩的Al₂O₃含量、ΣREE含量较低，Y/Ho比值和⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值类似于同期海水，表明陆源输入的碎屑少，茅一段镁质黏土矿物最初(海泡石阶段)为沉积—早成岩期形成的自生黏土。茅一段储层的孔隙度/孔容与黏土矿物总量、富镁蒙脱石含量呈正相关，与滑石含量无明显相关性，甚至轻微负相关，表明川南茅一段泥灰岩储层的储集空间受黏土总含量及成岩演化阶段影响。孔隙空间整体随黏土含量增多而增大，热演化处于成熟—高成熟阶段，黏土矿物以富镁蒙脱石为主时，黏土孔缝发育，储集物性好；过高的成岩演化(热演化处于过成熟阶段，滑石化程度高)不利于孔隙的发育。
- 茅一段 /
- 中二叠统 /
- 镁质黏土矿物 /
- 孔隙 /
- 储集物性 /
- 四川盆地
Abstract: In recent years, multiple wells in the Sichuan Basin have produced industrial gas from the marlstone/marl-bearing limestone strata in the first member of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation (Mao 1), demonstrating promising exploration potential. Previous studies have suggested that the marlstone/marl-bearing limestone in Mao 1 exhibits self-generation and self-storage characteristics, forming low-porosity, low-permeability fracture-porosity type tight carbonate reservoirs with diverse storage spaces. Notably, diagenetic shrinkage pores and fractures formed during the transformation of sepiolite to talc contribute significantly to the storage space. To further investigate the genesis of clay minerals in Mao 1 and their significance for reservoir storage, rock samples were collected from six wells and one outcrop in the southern Sichuan Basin. A series of analyses, including microscopy, argon ion microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), major and trace element analysis, strontium isotopic ratios (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr), porosity tests, and nitrogen (N₂) adsorption experiments, were conducted to study the characteristics of clay minerals in the marlstone/marl-bearing limestone of Mao 1. Microscopic observations and XRD results showed that the clay minerals mainly occurred as matrix minerals, irregular patches/spots, and replacements of biogenic calcareous shells. These minerals were primarily magnesian clay minerals such as talc and magnesium-rich montmorillonite, with minor amounts of sepiolite. Additionally, the marlstone/marl-bearing limestone in Mao 1 had relatively low Al₂O₃ contents and ΣREE concentrations, and its Y/Ho ratios and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values resembled those of contemporaneous seawater, indicating limited terrigenous clastic input. This suggested that the magnesian clay minerals were originally authigenic clays formed during the deposition-early diagenesis period (in the sepiolite stage). The porosity/pore volume of the reservoir was positively correlated with the total clay mineral content and the magnesium-rich montmorillonite content, but no significant correlation or even a slight negative correlation was observed with the talc content. This indicated that the storage space in the marlstone reservoir was affected by the total clay content and the diagenetic evolution stage. The overall pore space increased with higher clay content. When thermal evolution was at the mature to highly mature stage and magnesium-rich montmorillonite was dominant, clay pores and fractures were developed, enhancing reservoir properties. However, excessive diagenetic evolution (over-mature thermal stage with higher talc content) was unfavorable for pore development.
- the first member of Maokou Formation /
- Middle Permian /
- magnesian clay mineral /
- pore /
- reservoir property /
- Sichuan Basin
注释:

利益冲突声明/Conflict of Interests

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors declare no relevant conflict of interests.

作者贡献/Authors’Contributions

张力钰、尤东华、陈强路负责论文的选题、构思、写作和修改；俞凌杰、李蓉、刘友祥、周凌方参与实验设计和实施；所有作者均参与野外和岩心采集工作。所有作者均阅读并同意最终稿件的提交。

ZHANG Liyu, YOU Donghua, and CHEN Qianglu were responsible for the topic selection, conceptualization, writing, and revision of this paper. YU Lingjie, LI Rong, LIU Youxiang, and ZHOU Lingfang participated in the experimental design and implementation. All authors participated in fieldwork and core sample collection. All authors have read the final version of the paper and consented to its submission.

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图 1 中二叠世全球古地理(a)及四川盆地中二叠统茅口组一段沉积相(b)

图a据参考文献[22]修改，图b据参考文献[6]修改。

Figure 1. Global paleogeographic map of Middle Permian (a) and depositional facies of the first member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation, Sichuan Basin (b)

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图 2 川南地区研究剖面/钻井中二叠统茅口组一段地层连井对比

Figure 2. Stratigraphic well-to-well correlation of the first member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation in research profiles/drilling wells, southern Sichuan Basin

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图 3 川南中二叠统茅口组一段黏土矿物主要赋存形式

a, b.露头照片，黏土矿物呈条带状(a)和眼皮状(b)；c-f.岩心照片，黏土矿物呈眼皮状(c)、不规则斑块状(d)、星点状(e)和交代生物壳体(f)；g-i.显微镜下照片，黏土矿物交代有孔虫壳体(g)，条带状顺层分布(h)和星点状(i)；j-l.氩离子抛光电镜照片，黏土矿物交代有孔虫(j)，呈片状集合体(k)和与方解石、石英等矿物共生(l)。

Figure 3. Major occurrence forms of clay minerals in the first member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation, southern Sichuan Basin

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图 4 川南中二叠统茅口组一段主要孔隙特征

a-f.黏土孔缝；g，h.有机孔；i，j.矿物粒缘孔缝；k，l.晶内溶孔；m，n.生物壳内微孔；o.黄铁矿晶间孔。

Figure 4. Main pore characteristics of the first member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation, southern Sichuan Basin

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图 5 川南中二叠统茅口组一段样品Y/Ho比值和Y含量交汇图

Figure 5. Cross plots of Y/Ho ratio and Y content in samples from the first member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation, southern Sichuan Basin

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图 6 川南中二叠统茅口组一段样品碳酸盐组分和泥质组分⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值与同期海水值对比

Figure 6. Comparison of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values of carbonate and marl fractions in samples from the first member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation, southern Sichuan Basin with those of contemporaneous seawater

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图 7 川南A4井、A6井黏土含量与MgO含量(a)、Al₂O₃含量(b)、富镁蒙脱石和滑石总含量(c)的相关性

Figure 7. Correlation between clay content and MgO content (a), Al₂O₃ content (b), and total content of magnesium-rich montmorillonite and talc (c) in wells A4 and A6 of southern Sichuan Basin

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图 8 川南中二叠统茅口组一段储层黏土含量与孔隙度(a)及氮气吸附法孔容(b)的相关性

Figure 8. Correlation between clay content and porosity (a) and pore volume measured by N₂ adsorption method (b) in reservoir of the first member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation, southern Sichuan Basin

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图 9 川南茅口组一段样品富镁蒙脱石、滑石含量与孔隙空间的相关性

a. 富镁蒙脱石含量与孔隙度的关系；b. 富镁蒙脱石含量与氮气吸附法孔容的关系；c. 滑石含量与孔隙度的关系；d. 滑石含量与氮气吸附法孔容的关系。

Figure 9. Correlation between magnesium-rich montmorillonite content, talc content, and pore space in samples of the first member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation, southern Sichuan Basin

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图 10 川南茅口组一段黏土孔/缝演化模式

a. 海泡石阶段；b. 镁蒙脱石阶段；c.滑石阶段。

Figure 10. Evolution model of clay pores/fractures in the first member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation, southern Sichuan Basin

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表 1 川南中二叠统茅口组一段碳酸盐岩样品主、微量元素含量

Table 1. Major and trace element contents in carbonate rock samples from the first member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation, southern Sichuan Basin

样品编号	Al₂O₃/%	MgO/%	Y/10^-6	Y/Ho	ΣREE/10^-6	样品编号	Al₂O₃/%	MgO/%	Y/10^-6	Y/Ho	ΣREE/10^-6
SW1	0.31	0.56	1.39	36.58	9.11	A4-30	0.44	9.04	0.94	42.93	5.40
SW2	1.57	2.69	2.72	43.17	11.35	A4-31	0.14	16.38	0.65	50.87	1.90
SW3	0.69	7.74	2.42	46.54	10.16	A4-34	0.08	1.97	1.43	65.28	1.75
SW4	0.22	0.54	1.37	38.06	8.20	A4-35	0.49	4.46	2.35	48.51	5.38
SW5	2.00	6.66	4.27	30.50	32.29	A4-37	0.65	7.77	4.82	50.13	8.47
SW6	0.28	1.85	1.70	35.42	13.41	A4-39	0.06	1.55	1.28	65.46	1.29
SW7	0.34	5.97	1.38	39.43	6.43	A4-40	0.21	4.89	1.69	60.70	2.55
A4-2	0.79	15.49	2.90	38.08	9.78	A4-42	0.11	1.59	1.15	69.58	1.27
A4-3	0.13	1.43	1.62	43.65	6.19	A4-43	0.34	1.74	1.55	49.59	5.00
A4-4	0.46	10.93	1.59	48.82	4.87	A4-44	0.20	0.93	0.52	48.97	2.44
A4-5	0.16	1.28	2.66	43.26	6.48	A4-45	0.05	0.47	0.22	61.81	0.49
A4-6	0.44	5.02	3.62	43.94	7.43	A4-46	0.11	0.89	0.43	53.19	1.19
A4-8	0.29	8.81	3.38	49.09	4.33	A4-47	0.08	0.68	0.50	58.58	1.26
A4-9	0.13	8.06	1.98	43.17	2.42	A4-48	0.07	0.77	0.35	68.92	0.87
A4-10	0.27	16.11	1.52	42.36	3.28	A4-49	0.11	0.62	0.78	60.49	2.25
A4-11	0.46	11.38	2.27	39.49	5.70	A4-50	0.11	0.65	0.64	46.53	5.51
A4-12	0.35	8.22	1.48	34.97	4.99	A4-51	0.10	1.18	1.03	57.88	2.85
A4-13	0.29	12.95	2.80	34.44	7.25	A4-52	0.13	0.89	1.01	69.36	3.02
A4-14	0.07	1.40	4.93	61.88	3.80	A4-53	0.29	5.99	1.01	48.05	3.51
A4-15	0.08	0.99	0.87	53.09	1.88	A4-54	0.41	3.04	1.10	55.45	3.86
A4-16	0.30	1.24	1.23	55.54	2.64	A6-2	0.26	7.83	1.33	42.90	4.64
A4-17	0.10	1.11	0.77	61.02	1.18	A6-4	0.45	4.00	1.92	49.23	3.87
A4-18	0.13	1.21	1.32	60.36	1.60	A6-7	0.85	17.95	3.75	40.76	12.12
A4-19	0.32	14.01	1.83	54.86	2.37	A6-9	0.43	10.23	1.59	41.84	7.20
A4-21	0.13	1.77	1.42	63.67	1.25	A6-11	0.16	1.68	0.51	42.67	1.99
A4-22	0.13	1.35	1.09	66.81	1.32	A6-14	1.10	3.65	2.05	45.56	4.83
A4-23	0.19	1.64	3.01	62.07	2.60	A6-15	0.37	11.92	0.65	40.69	2.98
A4-24	0.53	7.26	2.36	48.28	7.22	A6-18	0.70	5.32	1.74	37.02	11.29
A4-25	0.05	1.10	0.56	71.12	0.61	A6-25	0.73	22.00	1.17	37.74	0.73
A4-26	0.17	2.78	1.17	61.55	1.56	A6-32	0.21	2.63	1.24	47.69	2.85
A4-27	0.18	3.12	2.15	75.16	1.46	A6-36	0.28	2.77	1.07	53.50	2.75
A4-28	0.30	3.45	1.38	60.84	3.33	A6-38	0.27	6.06	1.70	68.00	3.09
A4-29	0.29	6.46	0.97	54.19	3.22

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表 2 川南中二叠统茅口组一段泥灰岩样品锶同位素值

Table 2. Strontium isotopic ratios of marlstone samples from the first member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation, southern Sichuan Basin

样品编号	碳酸盐组分		泥质组分		样品编号	碳酸盐组分		泥质组分
样品编号	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	1SE	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	1SE	样品编号	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	1SE	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	1SE
SW1	0.707 446	0.000 004	0.707 622	0.000 005	A4-3	0.707 034	0.000 005	0.707 117	0.000 004
SW2	0.707 203	0.000 005	0.709 732	0.000 005	A4-4	0.707 142	0.000 014	0.707 249	0.000 005
A1-2	0.707 106	0.000 006	0.707 088	0.000 005	A4-15	0.707 118	0.000 006	0.707 119	0.000 005
A1-3	0.707 089	0.000 006	0.707 154	0.000 004	A4-16	0.707 097	0.000 006	0.707 134	0.000 005
A1-10	0.707 111	0.000 005	0.707 192	0.000 005	A4-23	0.707 063	0.000 005	0.707 176	0.000 005
A1-15	0.707 187	0.000 005	0.707 210	0.000 005	A4-24	0.707 070	0.000 006	0.707 059	0.000 004

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