Research progress and challenges in thermal maturity evalution of Lower Paleozoic source rocks

ZHENG Xiaowei; JIANG Fujie; ZHANG Yu; ZHOU Jingqi

doi:10.11781/sysydz2025030569

Volume 47 Issue 3

May 2025

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ZHENG Xiaowei, JIANG Fujie, ZHANG Yu, ZHOU Jingqi. Research progress and challenges in thermal maturity evalution of Lower Paleozoic source rocks[J]. PETROLEUM GEOLOGY & EXPERIMENT, 2025, 47(3): 569-579. doi: 10.11781/sysydz2025030569

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ZHENG Xiaowei, JIANG Fujie, ZHANG Yu, ZHOU Jingqi. Research progress and challenges in thermal maturity evalution of Lower Paleozoic source rocks[J]. PETROLEUM GEOLOGY & EXPERIMENT, 2025, 47(3): 569-579. doi: 10.11781/sysydz2025030569

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Research progress and challenges in thermal maturity evalution of Lower Paleozoic source rocks

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2025030569

ZHENG Xiaowei^{1, 2
,},
JIANG Fujie^{1, 2
,
,},
ZHANG Yu^{1, 2},
ZHOU Jingqi^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102299, China
2.
College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102299, China

Received Date: 2024-12-30
Rev Recd Date: 2025-04-15
Publish Date: 2025-05-28

Abstract

Abstract

Marine source rocks in China's Lower Paleozoic are predominantly in the highly to over-mature stage. The lack of vitrinite in these strata has made thermal maturity evaluation a persistent technical challenge in deep hydrocarbon exploration. This study systematically summarizes organic matter maturity evaluation methods based on organic petrology, geochemistry, and spectroscopy, with the goal of assessing the applicability of various maturity parameters for highly to over-mature source rocks in the Lower Paleozoic, thereby providing insights for deep hydrocarbon resource exploration. Special emphasis is placed on analyzing graptolite reflectance, aromatic hydrocarbon molecular marker parameters, and Raman spectroscopy parameters, highlighting current challenges and future research directions. (1) Owing to its excellent thermal sensitivity, graptolite reflectance is extensively employed to characterize the maturity of Lower Paleozoic source rocks. Nevertheless, different graptolite types exhibit varying rates of reflectance increase, with "reflectance anomalies" observed within the gas window. (2) Aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (e.g., phenanthrene series and dibenzothiophenes) and their derived parameters (e.g., methylphenanthrene index MPI-1, and 4-MDBT/1-MDBT in methyldibenzothiophene) exhibit sensitive thermal stability responses, rendering them effective maturity evaluation parameters. However, their applicability might be constrained by the initial organic matter type and depositional environment. (3) Raman spectroscopy can effectively characterize molecular structure evolution and thermal maturity, through parameters derived from the D1 and G peaks. However, variations in laboratory instruments, wavelength selection, and spectral interpretation methods might limit comparability across studies. Finally, this study summarizes the theoretical foundations and practical applicability of these parameters, highlighting the impacts of mineral catalysis, radiation effects, and thermal simulation experiments on their suitability. The results demonstrate that a multi-parameter integrated approach significantly improves the accuracy of maturity evaluation. However, current calibration methodologies still require refinement to achieve optimal performance.
- laser Raman,
- molecular marker compounds,
- graptolite reflectance,
- thermal maturity,
- Lower Paleozoic

Author JIANG Fujie is a Young Editorial Board Member of this journal, and he did not take part in peer review or decision making of this article.
The study was designed by ZHENG Xiaowei. The relevant background research was completed by ZHANG Yu and ZHOU Jingqi. The manuscript was drafted and revised by ZHENG Xiaowei and JIANG Fujie. All authors have read the final version of the paper and consented to its submission.

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References(64)

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Research progress and challenges in thermal maturity evalution of Lower Paleozoic source rocks

doi: 10.11781/sysydz2025030569

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Research progress and challenges in thermal maturity evalution of Lower Paleozoic source rocks

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