川西北地区茅口组上部黑色岩系的层位、沉积环境及生烃潜力评价

胡朝伟; 胡广; 张玺华; 陈聪; 彭翰霖; 高兆龙; 廖志伟; 庞谦; 游杰

doi:10.11781/sysydz202002202

川西北地区茅口组上部黑色岩系的层位、沉积环境及生烃潜力评价

doi: 10.11781/sysydz202002202

胡朝伟^{1, 2,},
胡广^{1, 2, ,},
张玺华³,
陈聪³,
彭翰霖³,
高兆龙³,
廖志伟⁴,
庞谦^{1, 2},
游杰^{1, 2}

1.
西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室, 成都 610500
2.
西南石油大学中国石油碳酸盐岩储层重点实验室沉积与成藏分室, 成都 610500
3.
中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院, 成都 610041
4.
重庆大学资源与安全工程学院煤矿灾害动态与控制国家重点实验室, 重庆 400044

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目“Toarcian期大洋缺氧事件（T-OAE）的陆相响应及油气地质意义：以四川盆地下侏罗统大安寨段为例” 41872155

详细信息

作者简介:
胡朝伟(1996-), 男, 硕士, 从事石油地质学及地球化学研究。E-mail: 944529697@qq.com

通讯作者:
胡广(1978-), 男, 博士, 教授, 从事石油地质学及地球化学研究。E-mai: guanghu1198119@163.com

中图分类号: TE121.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-02
- 修回日期: 2020-02-11
- 刊出日期: 2020-03-28

Sedimentary environment, hydrocarbon potential and development of black rocks in upper Maokou Formation, northwestern Sichuan

HU Chaowei^{1, 2
,},
HU Guang^{1, 2
, ,},
ZHANG Xihua³,
CHEN Cong³,
PENG Hanlin³,
Gao Zhaolong³,
LIAO Zhiwei⁴,
PANG Qian^{1, 2},
YOU Jie^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
2.
Research Division of Sediment and Reservoir, Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs of CNPC, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
3.
Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
4.
State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

摘要

摘要: 上扬子台地北缘川西北地区西北乡剖面在茅口组碳酸盐岩与吴家坪组碳酸盐岩之间出露一套厚23.8 m的黑色岩系，岩性主要为薄层硅质岩、页岩及泥质灰岩。针对西北乡剖面开展详细的牙形石地层学、有机岩石学以及有机地球化学研究。结果表明这套黑色岩系中发现的牙形石为Jinogondolella prexuanhanensis、J.xuanhanensis和Clarkina postbitteri hongshuiensis，均为二叠纪瓜德鲁普世末期分子，确定该段黑色岩系沉积于茅口晚期，表明上扬子台地川西北地区在瓜德鲁普世末期开始发育拉张槽。详细的有机岩石学研究发现该套黑色岩系成烃生物以底栖宏观藻类为主，见少量大型浮游藻类，有机质类型主要为Ⅱ型。有机地球化学分析表明，该套黑色岩系有机碳含量（TOC）为1.04%~32.58%，氯仿沥青“A”含量为0.03%~1.05%，整体上达到好的烃源岩标准。镜质体反射率R_o范围为1.0%~1.4%，T_max值为440℃~460℃，牙形石色变指数CAI为1.5~2.5，Ts/Tm比值为0.35~1.43，莫烷/藿烷比值范围为0.05~0.39，C₂₉20S/（20S+20R）值为0.39~0.65，C₂₉αββ/（αββ+ααα）为0.26~0.58，表明有机质成熟度高，为成熟—高成熟。岩性特征、牙形石生态、成烃生物和生物标志化合物综合研究表明，黑色岩系形成于较为深水的还原环境，水体具有较高的盐度。
- 有机地球化学特征 /
- 生烃潜力 /
- 黑色岩系 /
- 茅口组 /
- 川西北地区
Abstract: A set of organic-rich black rocks (23.8 m), mainly consisting of siliceous rocks, shale and limestones, outcrops between carbonate rocks of the Maokou and Wujiaping formations in the Xibeixiang section, northwestern Sichuan Basin, at the margin of the Upper Yangtze Platform. Detailed conodont stratigraphy, organic petrology and organic geochemistry studies were performed on samples from the Xibeixiang section. The conodonts found in the study area were Jinogondolella prexuanhanensis, J. xuanhanensis and Clarkina posbitteri hongshuiensis. All of them lived at the end of Guadalupian, confirming that the black rocks in the section were deposited during the late period of the Maokou Formation indicating that the Guangyuan-Wangchang Marine Trough began to develop in the late Guadalupian stage on the Upper Yangtze Platform. The detailed study of organic petrology reveals that benthic algae is the main contributor for hydrocarbon in the black rock series, with a small amount of macroplanktonic algae, and the organic matter is type Ⅱ. The organic geochemical analyses of the black rocks show that the TOC content ranges 1.04% to 32.58% and the chloroform bitumen "A" content ranges 0.03% to 1.05%, indicating favorable source rocks. Thermal parameters, such as the vitrinite reflectance (R_o) value ranges 1.0% to 1.4%, the T_max value ranges 440 to 460℃, the conodont color index (CAI) ranges 1.5 to 2.5, the Ts/Tm ratio ranges 0.35 to 1.43, the moretane/hopane ratio ranges 0.05 to 0.39, the C₂₉20S/(20S+20R) ranges 0.39 to 0.65, and the C₂₉αββ/(αββ+ααα) ranges 0.26 to 0.58, which indicate that these black rocks are mature to highly mature. The integrated study of lithology, hydrocarbon-forming organisms, conodonts and biomarkers indicate that these black rocks were deposited in a relatively reductive deep-water environment with a high salinity.
- organic geochemistry characteristics /
- hydrocarbon potential /
- black rocks /
- Maokou Formation /
- northwestern Sichuan Basin

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图 1 川西北地区西北乡剖面地理位置、区域构造背景及地层柱状图

据文献[13]修改。

Figure 1. Geographic location, regional tectonic setting and stratigraphy of Xibeixiang section, NW Sichuan

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图 2 川西北地区西北乡剖面茅口组上部黑色岩系野外及镜下特征

a.黑色岩系野外露头照片；b.茅二段顶部发育有溶沟，黑色岩系与下伏茅二段岩性差异明显，呈平行不整合接触；c.茅二段顶部发育大量溶沟(图b红框位置)；d.溶沟内颗粒方解石，自形程度好，方解石颗粒间含少量港湾状溶蚀残余物质，黄色箭头指示(单偏光)；e.黑色岩系与上覆王坡页岩整合接触；f.王坡页岩含大量火山灰；g.王坡页岩镜下呈隐晶质结构，圆球状火山玻璃周围环绕层状玻璃质(单偏光)

Figure 2. Field occurrences and microscopic characteristics of black rocks in upper Maokou Formation, Xibeixiang section, NW Sichuan

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图 3 川西北地区西北乡剖面茅口组上部黑色岩系岩石学特征

a.黑色岩系层厚薄，成层性、接触关系好；b. 黑色泥页岩、泥质灰岩、硅质岩互层；c.泥质灰岩，泥质含量高，方解石自形程度差(单偏光)；d.黑色页岩，基本全为泥质，含少量裂缝，被方解石充填(单偏光)；e，f.硅质岩中含大量定向排列的放射虫，黄色箭头所指(单偏光、正交偏光)

Figure 3. Petrologic characteristics of black rocks in upper Maokou Formation, Xibeixiang section, NW Sichuan

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图 4 川西北地区西北乡剖面黑色岩系成烃生物显微照片

Figure 4. Micrographic photos of hydrocarbon-forming organisms in black rocks in upper Maokou Formation, Xibeixiang section, NW Sichuan

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图 5 川西北地区西北乡剖面茅口组上部黑色岩系牙形石

Figure 5. Conodonts from black rocks in upper Maokou Formation, Xibeixiang section, NW Sichuan

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图 6 川西北地区西北乡剖面黑色岩系样品典型气相色谱(GC)和色谱—质谱(GC-MS)特征

Figure 6. GC and GC-MS characteristics of selected samples from black rocks in Xibeixiang section, NW Sichuan

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图 7 川西北地区西北乡剖面黑色岩系Pr/nC₁₇- Ph/nC₁₈交会图

图版据文献[36]。

Figure 7. Cross plots of Pr/nC₁₇ vs. Ph/nC₁₈ for black rocks in Xibeixiang section, NW Sichuan

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图 8 川西北地区西北乡剖面黑色岩系有机质类型及成熟度判识图

Figure 8. Organic matter type and thermal maturity of black rocks in Xibeixiang section, NW Sichuan

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表 1 川西北地区西北乡茅口组上部黑色岩系样品及分析测试项目

Table 1. Samples and analyses for black rocks in upper Maokou Formation, Xibeixiang section, NW Sichuan

测试项目	样品编号	总量(件)
牙形石	YXS-01—YXS-03	3
普通薄片	XBX-01—XBX-15、XBX-YR、XBX-WP	17
成烃生物	XBX-01—XBX-15	15
镜质体反射率	XBX-02—XBX-03、XBX-06—XBX-08、XBX-10—XBX-13	9
TOC	XBX-01—XBX-15	15
岩石热解	XBX-01—XBX-15	15
氯仿沥青“A”	XBX-02、XBX-04、XBX-06—XBX-15	12
气相色谱	XBX-02、XBX-04、XBX-06—XBX-15	12
气相色谱—质谱	XBX-02、XBX-04、XBX-06—XBX-15	12
注：编号XBX-YR样品为茅二段顶部疑是发育岩溶的碳酸盐岩；编号XBX-WP样品为王坡页岩。

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表 2 川西北地区西北乡剖面黑色岩系镜质体反射率

Table 2. Vitrinite reflectance of black rocks in Xibeixiang section, NW Sichuan

样品号	R_o/%	测定点数	标准离差
XBX-02	1.20	27	0.03
XBX-03	1.19	30	0.04
XBX-06	1.31	30	0.06
XBX-07	1.25	16	0.08
XBX-08	1.40	30	0.05
XBX-10	1.17	16	0.06
XBX-11	1.13	28	0.06
XBX-12	0.80	9	0.07
XBX-13	1.00	26	0.06

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表 3 川西北地区西北乡剖面黑色岩系地球化学特征

Table 3. Geochemical characteristics of black rock series in Xibeixiang section, NW Sichuan

样品号	w(TOC)/%	氯仿沥青“A”/%	S₁/(mg·g^-1)	S₂/(mg·g^-1)	S₃/(mg·g^-1)	T_max/℃	PG/(mg·g^-1)	PI	S₁/w(TOC)	I_H/(mg·g^-1)	I_O/(mg·g^-1)
XBX-01	1.60	-	0.27	2.19	0.20	457	2.46	0.11	0.17	137.22	12.53
XBX-02	19.82	0.14	0.48	17.86	1.52	447	18.34	0.03	0.02	90.11	7.67
XBX-03	1.04	-	0.05	0.67	0.07	440	0.72	0.07	0.05	64.18	6.70
XBX-04	3.31	0.10	0.43	3.48	0.32	458	3.91	0.11	0.13	105.14	9.67
XBX-05	4.12	-	0.56	4.84	0.45	456	5.40	0.10	0.14	117.62	10.94
XBX-06	4.71	0.07	0.07	1.35	0.12	448	1.42	0.05	0.01	28.64	2.55
XBX-07	1.72	0.05	0.05	0.70	0.06	447	0.75	0.07	0.03	40.77	3.49
XBX-08	3.29	0.12	0.76	4.24	0.42	454	5.00	0.15	0.23	128.95	12.77
XBX-09	32.18	1.05	1.38	50.91	4.35	442	52.29	0.03	0.04	158.20	13.52
XBX-10	22.31	0.10	0.20	7.92	0.68	447	8.12	0.02	0.01	35.50	3.05
XBX-11	32.58	0.16	0.43	19.29	1.64	448	19.72	0.02	0.01	59.21	5.03
XBX-12	7.80	0.03	0.06	1.35	0.12	446	1.41	0.04	0.01	17.30	1.54
XBX-13	24.76	0.11	0.18	7.77	0.66	449	7.95	0.02	0.01	31.38	2.67
XBX-14	6.91	0.09	0.54	7.90	0.70	443	8.44	0.06	0.08	114.28	10.13
XBX-15	1.32	0.05	0.03	0.11	0.02	460	0.14	0.21	0.02	8.33	1.52
注：PG= S₁+S₂，PI = S₁/(S₁+S₂)，I_H = S₂×100/w(TOC)，I_O = S₃×100/w(TOC)

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表 4 川西北地区西北乡剖面黑色岩系有机地球化学特征

Table 4. Organic geochemical characteristics of black rocks in Xibeixiang section, NW Sichuan

样品号	主峰碳	C_21^-/C_22⁺	(C₂₁+C₂₂)/(C₂₈+C₂₉)	OEP	Pr/Ph	Pr/nC₁₇	Ph/nC₁₈	Ts/Tm	Ts/(Ts+Tm)	C₃₁22S/(22S+22R)	莫烷/藿烷	GI	C₂₉ααα20R/C₂₇ααα20R	C₂₉ααα20S/(20R+20S)	C₂₉αββ/(αββ+ααα)	甾烷C₂₇-C₂₉ααα/%
样品号	主峰碳	C_21^-/C_22⁺	(C₂₁+C₂₂)/(C₂₈+C₂₉)	OEP	Pr/Ph	Pr/nC₁₇	Ph/nC₁₈	Ts/Tm	Ts/(Ts+Tm)	C₃₁22S/(22S+22R)	莫烷/藿烷	GI	C₂₉ααα20R/C₂₇ααα20R	C₂₉ααα20S/(20R+20S)	C₂₉αββ/(αββ+ααα)	C₂₇	C₂₈	C₂₉
XBX-02	nC₁₉	1.84	3.88	1.18	0.96	0.30	0.27	0.52	0.34	0.56	0.06	0.3	0.32	0.59	0.30	51	17	32
XBX-04	nC₂₀	1.49	3.26	1.01	0.63	0.18	0.25	0.35	0.26	0.49	0.07	0.3	0.22	0.41	0.50	57	27	16
XBX-06	nC₁₉	1.26	3.07	1.02	0.51	0.22	0.34	0.72	0.42	0.51	0.06	0.1	0.31	0.40	0.58	61	17	21
XBX-07	nC₁₉	1.09	2.72	1.04	0.71	0.21	0.25	0.61	0.38	0.50	0.06	0.2	0.29	0.55	0.52	65	3	31
XBX-08	nC₁₉	1.36	3.14	1.03	0.70	0.30	0.35	0.67	0.40	0.50	0.05	0.1	0.23	0.65	0.46	54	18	28
XBX-09	nC₂₀	0.68	1.60	1.03	0.30	0.34	0.73	0.52	0.34	0.54	0.09	0.1	0.36	0.51	0.41	63	5	32
XBX-10	nC₁₈	2.57	4.65	0.98	0.34	0.12	0.27	1.17	0.54	0.44	0.39	0.0	0.27	0.43	0.35	63	17	20
XBX-11	nC₁₈	3.27	5.61	1.02	0.50	0.09	0.15	1.43	0.59	0.59	0.08	0.1	0.35	0.47	0.37	65	2	33
XBX-12	nC₂₀	0.91	3.30	1.11	0.31	0.13	0.17	0.45	0.31	0.49	0.07	0.3	0.43	0.47	0.31	53	16	31
XBX-13	nC₁₉	1.52	3.51	1.09	0.54	0.09	0.12	1.33	0.57	0.58	0.11	0.3	1.07	0.39	0.26	36	22	42
XBX-14	nC₁₉	1.39	3.35	1.03	0.50	0.29	0.50	0.81	0.45	0.52	0.07	0.3	0.29	0.40	0.34	63	16	21
XBX-15	nC₁₉	0.83	2.34	1.01	0.47	0.12	0.20	8.08	0.89	0.50	0.05	0.1	0.47	0.50	0.26	49	20	31

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